Imaging and Molecular Mechanisms of Alzheimer’s Disease: A Review
by
Grazia Daniela Femminella 1, Tony Thayanandan 2
, Valeria Calsolaro 1, Klara Komici 3, Giuseppe Rengo 4,5, Graziamaria Corbi 3 and Nicola Ferrara 4,5,*
Grazia Daniela Femminella 1, Tony Thayanandan 2, Valeria Calsolaro 1, Klara Komici 3, Giuseppe Rengo 4,5, Graziamaria Corbi 3 and Nicola Ferrara 4,5,*
1
Neurology Imaging Unit, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, UK
2
Imperial Memory Unit, Charing Cross Hospital, Imperial College London, London W6 8RF, UK
3
Department of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Molise, 86100 Campobasso, Italy
4
Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Federico II University of Naples, 80131 Naples, Italy
5
Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri SPA—Società Benefit, IRCCS, 82037 Telese Terme, Italy
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2018, 19(12), 3702; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms19123702
Received: 5 October 2018 / Revised: 13 November 2018 / Accepted: 14 November 2018 / Published: 22 November 2018
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Molecular Mechanism of Alzheimer's Disease)
Alzheimer’s disease is the most common form of dementia and is a significant burden for affected patients, carers, and health systems. Great advances have been made in understanding its pathophysiology, to a point that we are moving from a purely clinical diagnosis to a biological one based on the use of biomarkers. Among those, imaging biomarkers are invaluable in Alzheimer’s, as they provide an in vivo window to the pathological processes occurring in Alzheimer’s brain. While some imaging techniques are still under evaluation in the research setting, some have reached widespread clinical use. In this review, we provide an overview of the most commonly used imaging biomarkers in Alzheimer’s disease, from molecular PET imaging to structural MRI, emphasising the concept that multimodal imaging would likely prove to be the optimal tool in the future of Alzheimer’s research and clinical practice.
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MDPI and ACS Style
Femminella, G.D.; Thayanandan, T.; Calsolaro, V.; Komici, K.; Rengo, G.; Corbi, G.; Ferrara, N. Imaging and Molecular Mechanisms of Alzheimer’s Disease: A Review. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2018, 19, 3702.
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