Circular RNAs in Muscle Function and Disease
1
Molecular Cardiology Laboratory, IRCCS-Policlinico San Donato, San Donato Milanese, 20097 Milan, Italy
2
Institute of Cell Biology and Neurobiology, National Research Council, Monterotondo, 00015 Rome, Italy
*
Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.
†
These authors contributed equally to this work.
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2018, 19(11), 3454; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms19113454
Received: 17 October 2018
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Revised: 30 October 2018
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Accepted: 31 October 2018
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Published: 3 November 2018
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Interplay between Pre-mRNA Splicing and Other Gene Expression Steps in Eukaryotes)
Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are a class of RNA produced during pre-mRNA splicing that are emerging as new members of the gene regulatory network. In addition to being spliced in a linear fashion, exons of pre-mRNAs can be circularized by use of the 3′ acceptor splice site of upstream exons, leading to the formation of circular RNA species. In this way, genetic information can be re-organized, increasing gene expression potential. Expression of circRNAs is developmentally regulated, tissue and cell-type specific, and shared across eukaryotes. The importance of circRNAs in gene regulation is now beginning to be recognized and some putative functions have been assigned to them, such as the sequestration of microRNAs or proteins, the modulation of transcription, the interference with splicing, and translation of small proteins. In accordance with an important role in normal cell biology, circRNA deregulation has been reported to be associated with diseases. Recent evidence demonstrated that circRNAs are highly expressed in striated muscle tissue, both skeletal and cardiac, that is also one of the body tissue showing the highest levels of alternative splicing. Moreover, initial studies revealed altered circRNA expression in diseases involving striated muscle, suggesting important functions of these molecules in the pathogenetic mechanisms of both heart and skeletal muscle diseases. The recent findings in this field will be described and discussed.
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Keywords:
circular RNAs; skeletal muscle; cardiac muscle; muscle disease
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MDPI and ACS Style
Greco, S.; Cardinali, B.; Falcone, G.; Martelli, F. Circular RNAs in Muscle Function and Disease. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2018, 19, 3454. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms19113454
AMA Style
Greco S, Cardinali B, Falcone G, Martelli F. Circular RNAs in Muscle Function and Disease. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2018; 19(11):3454. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms19113454
Chicago/Turabian StyleGreco, Simona, Beatrice Cardinali, Germana Falcone, and Fabio Martelli. 2018. "Circular RNAs in Muscle Function and Disease" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 19, no. 11: 3454. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms19113454
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