Mutual Regulation of NOD2 and RIG-I in Zebrafish Provides Insights into the Coordination between Innate Antibacterial and Antiviral Signaling Pathways
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. Conserved Molecular Pattern of DrRIG-I and DrNOD2
2.2. Activation of DrRIG-I Signaling Inducing DrNOD2 Expression and Vice Versa
2.3. DrRIG-I Negative Regulation of DrNOD2-Initiated Signaling
2.4. DrNOD2 Negative Regulation of DrRIG-I-Initiated Signaling
3. Discussion
4. Materials and Methods
4.1. Experimental Fish
4.2. Bioinformation Analyses
4.3. Plasmid Constructions
4.4. Morpholino Oligonucleotide (MO) and Capped mRNA
4.5. Cell Culture and Transient Transfection
4.6. Luciferase Assay
4.7. Induction Assay
4.8. Co-Immunoprecipitation Assay
4.9. Mutual Regulation between DrNOD2 and DrRIG-I
4.10. Morpholino-Mediated Knockdown and Capped mRNA-Mediated Rescue
4.11. Role of DrRIG-I and DrNOD2 in MDP-Initiated NOD2 Signaling and LMW Poly I:C-Initiated RIG-I Signaling
4.12. Statistical Analysis
Supplementary Materials
Acknowledgments
Author Contributions
Conflicts of Interest
Abbreviations
NOD2 | nucleotide oligomerization domain 2 |
RIG-I | retinoic acid-inducible gene I |
PRRs | pattern recognition receptors |
PAMPs | pathogen-associated molecular patterns |
MDP | muramyl dipeptide |
TLRs | toll-like receptors |
RLRs | RIG-I-like receptors |
NLRs | NOD-like receptors |
CLRs | C-type lectin receptors |
IFN-Is | type I interferons |
CARDs | caspase activation and recruitment domains |
NBD | nucleotide-binding domain |
LRRs | leucine-rich repeats |
PGN | peptidoglycan |
RIPK2 | receptor-interacting serine/threonine kinase 2 |
CTD | C-terminal domain |
RD | repressor domain |
MAVS | mitochondrial antiviral signaling protein |
DrNOD2 | Danio rerio NOD2 |
DrRIG-I | Danio rerio RIG-I |
ORF | open reading frame |
DMEM | Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium |
LMW poly I:C | low molecular weight poly I:C |
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Nie, L.; Xu, X.-X.; Xiang, L.-X.; Shao, J.-Z.; Chen, J. Mutual Regulation of NOD2 and RIG-I in Zebrafish Provides Insights into the Coordination between Innate Antibacterial and Antiviral Signaling Pathways. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2017, 18, 1147. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms18061147
Nie L, Xu X-X, Xiang L-X, Shao J-Z, Chen J. Mutual Regulation of NOD2 and RIG-I in Zebrafish Provides Insights into the Coordination between Innate Antibacterial and Antiviral Signaling Pathways. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2017; 18(6):1147. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms18061147
Chicago/Turabian StyleNie, Li, Xiao-Xiao Xu, Li-Xin Xiang, Jian-Zhong Shao, and Jiong Chen. 2017. "Mutual Regulation of NOD2 and RIG-I in Zebrafish Provides Insights into the Coordination between Innate Antibacterial and Antiviral Signaling Pathways" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 18, no. 6: 1147. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms18061147