Impact of the β-Lactam Resistance Modifier (−)-Epicatechin Gallate on the Non-Random Distribution of Phospholipids across the Cytoplasmic Membrane of Staphylococcus aureus
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. Intercalation of ECg into the EMRSA-16 CM Induces Major Changes to the Bacterial Phenotype
2.2. Intercalation of ECg into the EMRSA-16 CM Induces Small but Statistically Significant Changes in Membrane Lipid Symmetry
2.3. ECg Does Not Alter the Mode of Peptidoglycan Biosynthesis or Septum Formation in EMRSA-16
3. Discussion
4. Experimental Section
4.1. Bacteria
4.2. Bilayer Distribution of LPG
4.3. Bilayer Distribution of PG
4.4. Bilayer Distribution of CL
4.5. Flow Cytometry
4.6. Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy (CLSM)
4.7. Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM)
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Acknowledgments
Author Contributions
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Rosado, H.; Turner, R.D.; Foster, S.J.; Taylor, P.W. Impact of the β-Lactam Resistance Modifier (−)-Epicatechin Gallate on the Non-Random Distribution of Phospholipids across the Cytoplasmic Membrane of Staphylococcus aureus. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2015, 16, 16710-16727. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms160816710
Rosado H, Turner RD, Foster SJ, Taylor PW. Impact of the β-Lactam Resistance Modifier (−)-Epicatechin Gallate on the Non-Random Distribution of Phospholipids across the Cytoplasmic Membrane of Staphylococcus aureus. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2015; 16(8):16710-16727. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms160816710
Chicago/Turabian StyleRosado, Helena, Robert D. Turner, Simon J. Foster, and Peter W. Taylor. 2015. "Impact of the β-Lactam Resistance Modifier (−)-Epicatechin Gallate on the Non-Random Distribution of Phospholipids across the Cytoplasmic Membrane of Staphylococcus aureus" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 16, no. 8: 16710-16727. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms160816710