Interleukins 6 and 15 Levels Are Higher in Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue, but Obesity Is Associated with Their Increased Content in Visceral Fat Depots
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. Expression of Cytokines in Adipose Tissues from Obese and Normal-Weight Individuals
2.2. Expression of Cytokine mRNA Levels in Adipose Tissues from Obese and Normal-Weight Individuals
2.3. Cytokine Concentrations in Sera from Obese and Normal-Weight Individuals and Their Correlation with Protein Levels in Adipose Tissues
2.4. Correlation between Cytokine Concentrations and Clinical and Biochemical Parameters in Obese Individuals
3. Discussion
4. Material and Methods
4.1. Studied Groups
Parameter | Obese Individuals | Normal-Weight Controls | p | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Mean ± SD | Min–Max | Mean ± SD | Min–Max | ||
Age (years) | 42.02 ± 10.33 | 20–59 | 44.08 ± 13.50 | 26–63 | 0.623 |
Weight (kg) | 132.17 ± 18.61 | 100–198.6 | 67.92 ± 10.48 | 54–90 | <0.0001 |
BMI (kg/m2) | 47.02 ± 4.91 | 40.48–59.26 | 23.06 ± 1.77 | 20.07-24.93 | <0.0001 |
Adipose tissue (% body mass) | 48.55 ± 4.10 | 36.30–57.23 | – | – | |
Waist circumference (cm) | 124.47 ± 18.78 | 97–167 | – | – | |
CRP (nmol/L) | 123.15 ± 114 | 11.43–657.16 | 30.86 ± 16.38 | 6.67–49.52 | 0.04 |
Glucose (mmol/L) | 5.65 ± 1.53 | 3.36–10.08 | 5.17 ± 0.21 | 4.77–5.44 | 0.314 |
Total cholesterol (mmol/L) | 5.20 ± 1.03 | 3.13–7.86 | 4.80 ± 0.20 | 4.62–4.92 | 0.623 |
LDL (mmol/L) | 3.28 ± 1.06 | 1.25–5.64 | 2.62 ± 0.08 | 2.75–2.80 | 0.547 |
HDL (mmol/L) | 1.24 ± 0.23 | 0.78–1.78 | 1.47 ± 0.27 | 1.24–1.76 | 0.136 |
Triglycerides (mmol/L) | 1.44 ± 0.73 | 0.52–2.92 | 1.33 ± 0.09 | 1.10–1.46 | 0.797 |
Co-morbidities | |||||
Type 2 DM/IGT | 24 (49.0%) | none | |||
Hypertension | 29 (59.2%) | none | |||
Hyperlipidemia | 30 (61.2%) | none |
4.2. Adipose Tissues
4.3. Isolation of a Protein Fraction from Adipose Tissue
4.4. Measurement of Cytokine Concentrations
4.5. Isolation of Total RNA, Reverse Transcription, and Real-Time PCR
Gene | Gene Description | Gene Bank | Primers | Annealing (°C) | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
IL1B | interleukin 1β | NM_000576 | F | 5ʹ-CACCAAGCTTTTTTGCTGTGAGT-3ʹ | 60 |
R | 5ʹ-GCACGATGCACCTGTACGAT-3ʹ | ||||
IL6 | interleukin 6 | NM_000600 | F | 5ʹ-CCTTCGGTCCAGTTGCCTTC-3ʹ | 60 |
R | 5ʹ-GTGGGGCGGCTACATCTTTG-3ʹ | ||||
IL8 | interleukin 8 | NM_000584 | F | 5ʹ-CACCGGAAGAACCATCTCACT-3ʹ | 60 |
R | 5ʹ-TCAGCCCTCTTCAAAAACTTCTCC-3ʹ | ||||
IL15 | interleukin 15 | NM_172175 | F | 5ʹ-GGATTTACCGTGGCTTTGAGTAATGAG-3ʹ | 55 |
R | 5ʹ-GAATCAATTGCAATCAAGAAGTG-3ʹ | ||||
ACTB | β-actin | NM_001101 | F | 5ʹ-CAGCCTGGATAGCAACGTAC-3ʹ | 61 |
R | 5ʹ-TTCTACAATGAGCTGCGTGTG-3ʹ |
4.6. Statistical Analysis
Supplementary Materials
Acknowledgments
Author Contributions
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Jonas, M.I.; Kurylowicz, A.; Bartoszewicz, Z.; Lisik, W.; Jonas, M.; Wierzbicki, Z.; Chmura, A.; Pruszczyk, P.; Puzianowska-Kuznicka, M. Interleukins 6 and 15 Levels Are Higher in Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue, but Obesity Is Associated with Their Increased Content in Visceral Fat Depots. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2015, 16, 25817-25830. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms161025817
Jonas MI, Kurylowicz A, Bartoszewicz Z, Lisik W, Jonas M, Wierzbicki Z, Chmura A, Pruszczyk P, Puzianowska-Kuznicka M. Interleukins 6 and 15 Levels Are Higher in Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue, but Obesity Is Associated with Their Increased Content in Visceral Fat Depots. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2015; 16(10):25817-25830. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms161025817
Chicago/Turabian StyleJonas, Marta Izabela, Alina Kurylowicz, Zbigniew Bartoszewicz, Wojciech Lisik, Maurycy Jonas, Zbigniew Wierzbicki, Andrzej Chmura, Piotr Pruszczyk, and Monika Puzianowska-Kuznicka. 2015. "Interleukins 6 and 15 Levels Are Higher in Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue, but Obesity Is Associated with Their Increased Content in Visceral Fat Depots" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 16, no. 10: 25817-25830. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms161025817