Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2015, 16(1), 645-659; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms16010645
Morin, a Flavonoid from Moraceae, Induces Apoptosis by Induction of BAD Protein in Human Leukemic Cells
Cheol Park 1, Won Sup Lee 2,*
, Se-Il Go 2, Arulkumar Nagappan 2
, Min Ho Han 3, Su Hyun Hong 3, Gon Sup Kim 4, Gi Young Kim 5, Taeg Kyu Kwon 6, Chung Ho Ryu 7, Sung Chul Shin 8 and Yung Hyun Choi 3,9,*
, Min Ho Han 3, Su Hyun Hong 3, Gon Sup Kim 4, Gi Young Kim 5, Taeg Kyu Kwon 6, Chung Ho Ryu 7, Sung Chul Shin 8 and Yung Hyun Choi 3,9,*
1
Department of Molecular Biology, College of Natural Sciences, Dongeui University, Busan 614-714, Korea
2
Department of Internal Medicine, Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Jinju 660-702, Korea
3
Department of Biochemistry, Dongeui University College of Oriental Medicine, Busan 614-052, Korea
4
School of Veterinary Medicine, Research Institute of Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 660-701, Korea
5
Laboratory of Immunobiology, Department of Marine Life Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju 690-756, Korea
6
Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Keimyung University, Daegu 704-701, Korea
7
Division of Applied Life Science (BK 21 Program), Research Institute of Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 660-701, Korea
8
Department of Chemistry, Research Institute of Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 660-701, Korea
9
Anti-Aging Research Center & Blue-Bio Industry RIC, Dongeui University, Busan 614-714, Korea
*
Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Academic Editor: Sanjay K. Srivastava
Received: 12 November 2014 / Accepted: 11 December 2014 / Published: 30 December 2014
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Bioactive Phytochemicals in Functional Foods for Cancer Prevention)
Abstract
Evidence suggests that phytochemicals can safely modulate cancer cell biology and induce apoptosis. Here, we investigated the anti-cancer activity of morin, a flavone originally isolated from members of the Moraceae family in human leukemic cells, focusing on apoptosis. An anti-cancer effect of morin was screened with several human leukemic cell lines. U937 cells were most sensitive to morin, where it induced caspase-dependent apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner. It also induced loss of MMP (ΔΨm) along with cytochrome c release, down-regulated Bcl-2 protein, and up-regulated BAX proteins. The apoptotic activity of morin was significantly attenuated by Bcl-2 augmentation. In conclusion, morin induced caspase-dependent apoptosis through an intrinsic pathway by upregulating BAD proteins. In addition, Bcl-2 protein expression is also important in morin-induced apoptosis of U937 cells. This study provides evidence that morin might have anticancer properties in human leukemic cells. View Full-Text
Figure 1a
This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited (CC BY 4.0).
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Park, C.; Lee, W.S.; Go, S.-I.; Nagappan, A.; Han, M.H.; Hong, S.H.; Kim, G.S.; Kim, G.Y.; Kwon, T.K.; Ryu, C.H.; Shin, S.C.; Choi, Y.H. Morin, a Flavonoid from Moraceae, Induces Apoptosis by Induction of BAD Protein in Human Leukemic Cells. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2015, 16, 645-659.
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