Beneficial Effects of the RESMENA Dietary Pattern on Oxidative Stress in Patients Suffering from Metabolic Syndrome with Hyperglycemia Are Associated to Dietary TAC and Fruit Consumption
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results and Discussion
2.1. Anthropometrical, Body Composition and Blood Pressure Parameters
2.2. General Biochemical Parameters
2.3. Oxidative Stress Biomarkers
2.4. Dietary Records
3. Experimental Section
3.1. Subjects
3.2. Study Protocol
3.3. Diets
3.4. Clinical and Biochemical Assessments
3.5. Statistical Analyses
4. Conclusions
Acknowledgments
Conflict of Interest
References
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Control | RESMENA | P† Difference | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Day 0 | Day 180 | Day 0 | Day 180 | ||
Weight (kg) | 103.1 ± 2.9 | 95.35 ± 2.9 *** | 106.0 ± 3.2 | 96.7 ± 3.0 *** | 0.281 |
BMI (kg/m2) | 36.4 ± 0.7 | 33.7 ± 0.8 *** | 37.41 ± 0.8 | 34.12 ± 0.8 *** | 0.206 |
Waist circumference (cm) | 114.6 ± 2.0 | 107.4 ± 2.0 *** | 117.2 ± 2.1 | 107.1 ± 2.0 *** | 0.060 |
WHR | 1.00 ± 0.02 | 0.97 ± 0.02 *** | 0.99 ± 0.02 | 0.95 ± 0.02 *** | 0.098 |
Total fat Mass (kg) | 42.3 ± 1.5 | 36.4 ± 1.6 *** | 45.4 ± 1.9 | 37.9 ± 1.8 *** | 0.139 |
Android Fat Mass (kg) | 4.7 ± 0.2 | 4.3 ± 0.3 | 5.3 ± 0.2 | 4.0 ± 0.2 *** | 0.044 |
Lean mass (kg) | 58.0 ± 2.2 | 55.6 ± 2.1 *** | 57.1 ± 2.1 | 55.5 ± 2.0 ** | 0.197 |
Fat-free mass (kg) | 60.9 ± 2.3 | 58.6 ± 2.2 *** | 60.0 ± 2.1 | 58.4 ± 2.1 ** | 0.220 |
SBP (mmHg) | 152.9 ± 3.3 | 138.7 ± 2.2 ** | 154.2 ± 4.4 | 137.1 ± 3.1 ** | 0.637 |
DBP (mmHg) | 86.3 ± 1.6 | 79.2 ± 1.8 ** | 85.8 ± 1.8 | 79.5 ± 2.0 * | 0.766 |
Heart rate (bpm) | 75 ± 3 | 72 ± 3 | 82.3 ± 2.6 | 72.1 ± 2.5 *** | 0.587 |
Activity level1 | 1.59 ± 0.04 | 1.54 ± 0.04 | 1.54 ± 0.03 | 1.55 ± 0.03 | 0.191 |
Control | RESMENA | P† Difference | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Day 0 | Day 180 | Day 0 | Day 180 | ||
Total Cholesterol (mmol/L) | 5.56 ± 0.19 | 5.66 ± 0.19 | 5.44 ± 0.21 | 5.44 ± 0.20 | 0.397 |
HDL-c (mmol/L) | 1.14 ± 0.05 | 1.28 ± 0.06 *** | 1.11 ± 0.04 | 1.15 ± 0.04 | 0.057 |
LDL-c (mmol/L) | 3.47 ± 0.18 | 4.38 ± 0.17 *** | 3.34 ± 0.17 | 4.29 ± 0.19 *** | 0.884 |
LDL-c/ApoB | 1.43 ± 0.04 | 1.91 ± 0.04 *** | 1.50 ± 0.11 | 1.92 ± 0.03 ** | 0.593 |
TG (mmol/L) | 2.06 ± 0.21 | 1.67 ± 0.21 * | 2.17 ± 0.21 | 1.72 ± 0.20 ** | 0.574 |
Apo A-I (mg/dL) | 134.3 ± 4.3 | 139.2 ± 4.1 | 126.3 ± 3.5 | 131.2 ± 4.3 | 0.978 |
Apo B (mg/dL) | 93.4 ± 3.7 | 88.7 ± 3.4 | 90.3 ± 4.6 | 86.9 ± 4.1 | 0.737 |
FFA (mmol/L) | 0.55 ± 0.04 | 0.48 ± 0.04 | 0.60 ± 0.18 | 0.50 ± 0.23 * | 0.349 |
Glucose (mmol/L) | 7.14 ± 0.36 | 6.68 ± 0.28 | 7.59 ± 0.43 | 6.49 ± 0.35 ** | 0.118 |
Insulin (μU/mL) | 15.22 ± 1.56 | 10.01 ± 1.54 *** | 15.36 ± 1.53 | 9.41 ± 1.21 *** | 0.685 |
HOMA-IR | 4.92 ± 0.55 | 3.25 ± 0.61 ** | 5.24 ± 0.56 | 2.80 ± 0.37 *** | 0.475 |
Uric Acid (mg/dL) | 6.08 ± 0.21 | 6.29 ± 0.22 | 6.19 ± 0.28 | 6.23 ± 0.22 | 0.310 |
Total Proteins (mg/dL) | 73.01 ± 0.94 | 76.30 ± 1.19 *** | 71.48 ± 0.79 | 73.51 ± 0.97 * | 0.186 |
eGFRs (mL/min/1.73 m2) | 83.97 ± 2.92 | 79.85 ± 2.60 | 79.07 ± 2.72 | 81.46 ± 3.08 | 0.080 |
ALT (U/L) | 41.59 ± 4.29 | 27.16 ± 1.56 ** | 28.90 ± 2.13 | 22.54 ± 1.60 ** | 0.172 |
AST (U/L) | 27.73 ± 2.26 | 22.86 ± 1.15* | 22.68 ± 1.08 | 20.38 ± 1.00 | 0.685 |
Control | RESMENA | P† Difference | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Day 0 | Day 180 | Day 0 | Day 180 | ||
MDA (μM) | 0.86 ± 0.07 | 0.75 ± 0.07 * | 0.83 ± 0.07 | 0.76 ± 0.05 | 0.449 |
MPO (μg/L) | 71.69 ± 7.36 | 65.39 ± 7.65 | 69.53 ± 8.39 | 66.48 ± 7.42 | 0.723 |
ARE (U/L) | 458 ± 44 | 442 ± 43 | 370 ± 31 | 361 ± 28 | 0.778 |
ARE:HDL-c (U/mmol) | 413.6 ± 0.1 | 366.8 ± 0.1 * | 343.8 ± 0.1 | 327.1 ± 0.1 | 0.227 |
ARE:Apo A-I (U/mg) | 0.347 ± 0.030 | 0.319 ± 0.027 * | 0.295 ± 0.024 | 0.281 ± 0.022 | 0.424 |
oxLDL (U/L) | 35.36 ± 1.80 | 36.39 ± 2.60 | 46.53 ± 4.46 | 41.03 ± 3.22 * | 0.025 |
oxLDL:LDL-c (U/mmol) | 10.34 ± 0.52 | 8.25 ± 0.62 ** | 14.88 ± 1.80 | 9.52 ± 0.58 ** | 0.046 |
oxLDL:HDL-c (U/mmol) | 30.89 ± 1.52 | 28.46 ± 1.76 | 42.78 ± 4.19 | 4.19 ± 2.64 * | 0.186 |
oxLDL:Apo B (U/mg) | 0.038 ± 0.002 | 0.043 ± 0.004 | 0.051 ± 0.004 | 0.048 ± 0.003 | 0.040 |
Control | RESMENA | p | |
---|---|---|---|
Energy (kcal/day) | 1513 ± 54 | 1569 ± 77 | 0.542 |
Meal Frequency (meals/day) | 4.3 ± 0.2 | 5.8 ± 0.2 | <0.001 |
Proteins (% TCV/day) | 16.9 ± 0.4 | 20.4 ± 0.9 | 0.001 |
Lipids (% TCV/day) | 40.8 ± 1.5 | 37.7 ± 1.0 | 0.108 |
CHO (% TCV/day) | 37.1 ± 1.5 | 36.9 ± 1.1 | 0.940 |
Fiber (% TCHO/day) | 11.4 ± 0.8 | 12.0 ± 0.6 | 0.573 |
GL (U/day) | 73.4 ± 5.9 | 70.0 ± 5.5 | 0.682 |
EPA+DHA (g/day) | 0.30 ± 0.08 | 0.39 ± 0.17 | 0.617 |
TAC (mmol/day) | 6.1 ± 0.6 | 8.5 ± 0.9 | 0.031 |
Fruits (kcal/day) | 117 ± 21 | 185 ± 27 | 0.049 |
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De la Iglesia, R.; Lopez-Legarrea, P.; Celada, P.; Sánchez-Muniz, F.J.; Martinez, J.A.; Zulet, M.A. Beneficial Effects of the RESMENA Dietary Pattern on Oxidative Stress in Patients Suffering from Metabolic Syndrome with Hyperglycemia Are Associated to Dietary TAC and Fruit Consumption. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2013, 14, 6903-6919. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms14046903
De la Iglesia R, Lopez-Legarrea P, Celada P, Sánchez-Muniz FJ, Martinez JA, Zulet MA. Beneficial Effects of the RESMENA Dietary Pattern on Oxidative Stress in Patients Suffering from Metabolic Syndrome with Hyperglycemia Are Associated to Dietary TAC and Fruit Consumption. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2013; 14(4):6903-6919. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms14046903
Chicago/Turabian StyleDe la Iglesia, Rocio, Patricia Lopez-Legarrea, Paloma Celada, Francisco J. Sánchez-Muniz, J. Alfredo Martinez, and M. Angeles Zulet. 2013. "Beneficial Effects of the RESMENA Dietary Pattern on Oxidative Stress in Patients Suffering from Metabolic Syndrome with Hyperglycemia Are Associated to Dietary TAC and Fruit Consumption" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 14, no. 4: 6903-6919. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms14046903