X-Ray Detected Magnetic Resonance: A Unique Probe of the Precession Dynamics of Orbital Magnetization Components
Abstract
:1. Introduction
- For crystal fields weak compared to spin-orbit coupling, J is a good quantum number and the crystal field simply splits the relevant manifold according to site symmetry. Ions with half-integral J’s always have a double Kramer’s degeneracy and fictitious spins take the following values: = 0, 1/2, 1 or 3/2.
- If the crystal field is large compared to spin-orbit coupling, it splits the L-multiplet. If the lowest state is a singlet, the (quenched) orbital moment has no first order contribution. Recall that an orbitally threefold degenerate T-state mathematically is isomorphic to a P-state (L = 1): it can be described with a fictitious angular momentum which, in turn, couples to the spin angular momentum to yield a fictitious-spin .
2. Resonant Precession of Spin and Orbital Magnetization Components in Excited States
2.1. Specificity of the XMCD Probe
2.2. Site-Selective Probe in Ferrimagnetic Iron Garnets
2.3. Steady-State, Uniform Mode of Precession
- - In the transverse geometry (TRD), the wavevector kRX⊥ of the incident, circularly polarized X-rays is set perpendicular to both the static bias field B0 and the oscillating pump field bp: the XMCD probe is then proportional to the transverse magnetization m⊥ which oscillates at microwave frequency.
- - In the longitudinal geometry (LOD), the X-ray wavevector kRX|| is set parallel to the static bias field B0. If one assumes that Ms = |Meq|, then there is a steady-state change mz of the projection of the magnetization along the Z axis and there should be a time-invariant XMCD signal ∝ mz. Unfortunately, mz is only a second order effect with respect to the opening angle of precession (θ0) and m⊥. Moreover, any information regarding the phase or helicity of the precession gets lost.
2.4. Precession Eigen Modes and Spin Waves
2.4.1. Magnetostatic Walker’s Modes
2.4.2. Exchange Spin Waves
2.4.3. Mode Conversion in Relaxation Processes
2.5. Pseudo-Spin and Orbital Ordering Waves
2.6. Spin Wave Instability Regime at High Pumping Power
2.6.1. Transverse Pumping Geometry (bp ⊥ B0)
2.6.2. Parallel Pumping Geometry (bp || B0)
2.7. Instrumentation Constraints in XDMR Experiments
2.7.1. Soft-XMCD versus Hard-XMCD Probes
2.7.2. Combining Time and Frequency Domain Signals
3. XDMR in Ferrimagnetic Iron Garnets
3.1. Selected Samples
3.2. XDMR Spectra of a YIG Thin Film Recorded in Transverse Detection Geometry
3.3. Element Resolved XDMR of the Y-La-LuIG Film in Longitudinal Detection Geometry
3.4. Anomalous Saturation of the Fe K-Edge XDMR Spectra of GdIG
3.5. Non-Linear Effects Associated With Elliptical Precession
3.5.1. Second Harmonic XDMR Spectra in YIG Thin Films
3.5.2. XDMR under Parallel Pumping Excitation
4. New Challenges for XDMR
4.1. High-Field, X-Ray Detected Electron Paramagnetic Resonance
4.2. High-Field XDMR in the AFMR Regime
5. Conclusions
Acknowledgements
References
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Goulon, J.; Rogalev, A.; Goujon, G.; Wilhelm, F.; Youssef, J.B.; Gros, C.; Barbe, J.-M.; Guilard, R. X-Ray Detected Magnetic Resonance: A Unique Probe of the Precession Dynamics of Orbital Magnetization Components. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2011, 12, 8797-8835. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms12128797
Goulon J, Rogalev A, Goujon G, Wilhelm F, Youssef JB, Gros C, Barbe J-M, Guilard R. X-Ray Detected Magnetic Resonance: A Unique Probe of the Precession Dynamics of Orbital Magnetization Components. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2011; 12(12):8797-8835. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms12128797
Chicago/Turabian StyleGoulon, José, Andrei Rogalev, Gérard Goujon, Fabrice Wilhelm, Jamal Ben Youssef, Claude Gros, Jean-Michel Barbe, and Roger Guilard. 2011. "X-Ray Detected Magnetic Resonance: A Unique Probe of the Precession Dynamics of Orbital Magnetization Components" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 12, no. 12: 8797-8835. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms12128797