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Volume 31
Issue 5
10.3390/molecules31050775
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Retraction of Molecules 2022, 27(19), 6631.
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Retraction

RETRACTED: Ullah et al. Fluorescent and Phosphorescent Nitrogen-Containing Heterocycles and Crown Ethers: Biological and Pharmaceutical Applications. Molecules 2022, 27, 6631

by
Faiz Ullah
1,*,
Sami Ullah
2,
Muhammad Farhan Ali Khan
3,
Muhammad Mustaqeem
4,
Rizwan Nasir Paracha
5,
Muhammad Fayyaz ur Rehman
4,
Fariha Kanwal
6,
Syed Shams ul Hassan
7,8,* and
Simona Bungau
9,*
1
Department of Chemistry, Quaid I Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan
2
Department of Zoology, Government College University, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
3
Faculty of Pharmacy, Capital University of Science and Technology, Islamabad Expressway, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
4
Institute of Chemistry, University of Sargodha, Sargodha 40100, Pakistan
5
Department of Chemistry, Sub Campus, University of Sargodha, Bhakkar 30000, Pakistan
6
School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1954 Hua Shan Road, Shanghai 200030, China
7
Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
8
Department of Natural Product Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
9
Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 410028 Oradea, Romania
*
Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Molecules 2026, 31(5), 775; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules31050775
Submission received: 4 February 2026 / Accepted: 10 February 2026 / Published: 25 February 2026
Versions Notes
The journal retracts the article titled “Fluorescent and Phosphorescent Nitrogen-Containing Heterocycles and Crown Ethers: Biological and Pharmaceutical Applications” [1], cited above.
Following publication, concerns were brought to the attention of the Editorial Office regarding the relevance of several references cited in the study [1].
In accordance with the journal standard procedures, the Editorial Office and Editorial Board conducted an investigation and determined that a substantial proportion of the citations in the original publication lacked appropriate relevance to the content of the article. Consequently, the Editorial Board concluded that the article did not provide appropriate or adequate citations to support its findings and has therefore decided to retract this publication [1], as per MDPI’s retraction policy.
This retraction was approved by the Editor-in-Chief of the Molecules journal.
The authors have been informed of this retraction and have indicated their disagreement with this decision.

Reference

  1. Ullah, F.; Ullah, S.; Khan, M.F.A.; Mustaqeem, M.; Paracha, R.N.; Rehman, M.F.u.; Kanwal, F.; Hassan, S.S.u.; Bungau, S. RETRACTED: Fluorescent and Phosphorescent Nitrogen-Containing Heterocycles and Crown Ethers: Biological and Pharmaceutical Applications. Molecules 2022, 27, 6631. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
Disclaimer/Publisher’s Note: The statements, opinions and data contained in all publications are solely those of the individual author(s) and contributor(s) and not of MDPI and/or the editor(s). MDPI and/or the editor(s) disclaim responsibility for any injury to people or property resulting from any ideas, methods, instructions or products referred to in the content.

Share and Cite

MDPI and ACS Style

Ullah, F.; Ullah, S.; Khan, M.F.A.; Mustaqeem, M.; Paracha, R.N.; Rehman, M.F.u.; Kanwal, F.; Hassan, S.S.u.; Bungau, S. RETRACTED: Ullah et al. Fluorescent and Phosphorescent Nitrogen-Containing Heterocycles and Crown Ethers: Biological and Pharmaceutical Applications. Molecules 2022, 27, 6631. Molecules 2026, 31, 775. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules31050775

AMA Style

Ullah F, Ullah S, Khan MFA, Mustaqeem M, Paracha RN, Rehman MFu, Kanwal F, Hassan SSu, Bungau S. RETRACTED: Ullah et al. Fluorescent and Phosphorescent Nitrogen-Containing Heterocycles and Crown Ethers: Biological and Pharmaceutical Applications. Molecules 2022, 27, 6631. Molecules. 2026; 31(5):775. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules31050775

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ullah, Faiz, Sami Ullah, Muhammad Farhan Ali Khan, Muhammad Mustaqeem, Rizwan Nasir Paracha, Muhammad Fayyaz ur Rehman, Fariha Kanwal, Syed Shams ul Hassan, and Simona Bungau. 2026. "RETRACTED: Ullah et al. Fluorescent and Phosphorescent Nitrogen-Containing Heterocycles and Crown Ethers: Biological and Pharmaceutical Applications. Molecules 2022, 27, 6631" Molecules 31, no. 5: 775. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules31050775

APA Style

Ullah, F., Ullah, S., Khan, M. F. A., Mustaqeem, M., Paracha, R. N., Rehman, M. F. u., Kanwal, F., Hassan, S. S. u., & Bungau, S. (2026). RETRACTED: Ullah et al. Fluorescent and Phosphorescent Nitrogen-Containing Heterocycles and Crown Ethers: Biological and Pharmaceutical Applications. Molecules 2022, 27, 6631. Molecules, 31(5), 775. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules31050775

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