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Volume 31
Issue 12
10.3390/molecules31122008
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This is an early access version, the complete PDF, HTML, and XML versions will be available soon.
Article

Comparison of Protein Binding and Fluorescence Quenching by Gold and Iron Oxide Nanoparticles: pH and Temperature Dependence

by
Elena A. Molkova
1,
Ruslan M. Sarimov
1,
Tatyana A. Matveeva
1,
Alexander V. Simakin
1,
Arthur G. Akopdzhanov
2,
Philipp Sharafullin
1,3,
Polina Pichkur
1,3,
Aleksey S. Dorokhov
4,
Andrey Yu. Izmaylov
4 and
Sergey V. Gudkov
1,3,4,*
1
Prokhorov General Physics Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia
2
Russian National Pirogov Research Medical University, 117997 Moscow, Russia
3
Department of Fundamental Sciences, Bauman Moscow State Technical University, 5, 2nd Baumanskaya St., 105005 Moscow, Russia
4
Federal Scientific Agroengineering Center VIM, 109428 Moscow, Russia
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Molecules 2026, 31(12), 2008; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules31122008 (registering DOI)
Submission received: 29 April 2026 / Revised: 3 June 2026 / Accepted: 5 June 2026 / Published: 8 June 2026
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Macromolecules, Particles, and Colloids in Ionic Liquids: Structure, Stability, and Function)
Versions Notes

Abstract

Analysis of protein binding affinity to nanoparticles is essential for understanding how nanoparticles behave in biological systems and for optimizing their applications in medicine and biotechnology. This study demonstrates the dependence of protein binding and fluorescence quenching constants (HEWL and BSA) in the presence of gold (AuNP) or iron oxide (IONP) nanoparticles on pH and temperature. The highest binding and quenching constants were observed for proteins with gold nanoparticles (~109 M−1). No clear effect of pH or temperature on either the binding or quenching constants of proteins with gold nanoparticles was detected. Conversely, different temperature trends were observed for the binding and quenching constants at different pH levels and for different proteins with iron oxide nanoparticles. It was shown that the nature of the nanoparticles has the strongest influence on their interactions with proteins, while the influence of environmental conditions can be considered secondary.
Keywords: protein nanoparticle interaction; binding constant; fluorescence quenching; pH; temperature; gold nanoparticles; iron oxide nanoparticles protein nanoparticle interaction; binding constant; fluorescence quenching; pH; temperature; gold nanoparticles; iron oxide nanoparticles

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MDPI and ACS Style

Molkova, E.A.; Sarimov, R.M.; Matveeva, T.A.; Simakin, A.V.; Akopdzhanov, A.G.; Sharafullin, P.; Pichkur, P.; Dorokhov, A.S.; Izmaylov, A.Y.; Gudkov, S.V. Comparison of Protein Binding and Fluorescence Quenching by Gold and Iron Oxide Nanoparticles: pH and Temperature Dependence. Molecules 2026, 31, 2008. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules31122008

AMA Style

Molkova EA, Sarimov RM, Matveeva TA, Simakin AV, Akopdzhanov AG, Sharafullin P, Pichkur P, Dorokhov AS, Izmaylov AY, Gudkov SV. Comparison of Protein Binding and Fluorescence Quenching by Gold and Iron Oxide Nanoparticles: pH and Temperature Dependence. Molecules. 2026; 31(12):2008. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules31122008

Chicago/Turabian Style

Molkova, Elena A., Ruslan M. Sarimov, Tatyana A. Matveeva, Alexander V. Simakin, Arthur G. Akopdzhanov, Philipp Sharafullin, Polina Pichkur, Aleksey S. Dorokhov, Andrey Yu. Izmaylov, and Sergey V. Gudkov. 2026. "Comparison of Protein Binding and Fluorescence Quenching by Gold and Iron Oxide Nanoparticles: pH and Temperature Dependence" Molecules 31, no. 12: 2008. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules31122008

APA Style

Molkova, E. A., Sarimov, R. M., Matveeva, T. A., Simakin, A. V., Akopdzhanov, A. G., Sharafullin, P., Pichkur, P., Dorokhov, A. S., Izmaylov, A. Y., & Gudkov, S. V. (2026). Comparison of Protein Binding and Fluorescence Quenching by Gold and Iron Oxide Nanoparticles: pH and Temperature Dependence. Molecules, 31(12), 2008. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules31122008

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