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Article

Senecio polyanthemoides Sch. Bip. (Asteraceae) Essential Oils: Chemical Composition, Interpopulation Variability Study and In Vitro Biological Activities of Eight Wild Populations

by
Kehinde O. Amisu
1,
Oladipupo A. Lawal
2,3,*,
Olufemi A. Giwa-ajeniya
3,
Victoria A. Dada
3,
Kanyinsola O. Akinkunmi
3,
Omobolanle E. Oladapo
1,4,
Oyinlade C. Ogundare
5,
Isyaku Bello
3,6,
Emmanuel E. Aduak
3,
Foluso O. Osunsanmi
7,
Rebamang A. Mosa
7,8,
Mona M. E. Eleiwa
9,
Andy R. Opoku
7 and
Adebola O. Oyedeji
2
1
Department of Microbiology, Lagos State University, PMB 0001 LASU Post Office, Ojo, Lagos State, Nigeria
2
Department of Chemistry, University of Zululand, Private Bag X1001, KwaDlangezwa 3886, South Africa
3
Department of Chemistry, Lagos State University, PMB 0001 LASU Post Office, Ojo, Lagos State, Nigeria
4
Department of Microbiology, Lagos State College of Nursing, Alimosho General Hospital Complex, LASU/Isheri Road, Igando, Lagos State, Nigeria
5
Department of Chemical Sciences, College of Basic Science, Lagos State University of Science and Technology, PMB 1004, Ikorodu, Lagos State, Nigeria
6
School of General Studies, Jigawa State College of Education, POB 1002, Gumel 732102, Jigawa State, Nigeria
7
Department of Biochemistry & Microbiology, University of Zululand, Private Bag X1001, KwaDlangezwa 3886, South Africa
8
Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Hatfield 0028, Pretoria 0002, South Africa
9
Department of Biology, Ibn Sina National College for Medical Studies, P.O. Box 31906, Al Mahjar, Jeddah 21418, Saudi Arabia
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Molecules 2026, 31(12), 2006; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules31122006
Submission received: 2 April 2026 / Revised: 1 June 2026 / Accepted: 2 June 2026 / Published: 8 June 2026
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Essential Oils: Chemical Composition, Bioactive, and Application)
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Abstract

The in vitro antibacterial, antioxidant, cytotoxic and larvicidal activities of essential oils isolated by hydrodistillation from the aerial parts (above the ground organs consisting of the leaves, stems and flowers) of Senecio polyanthemoides growing in three district municipalities of KwaZulu-Natal Province, South Africa were investigated. The water-distilled oils were analyzed by GC and GC/MS. Sixty-three constituents were characterized in all the samples analyzed representing 86.0–99.2% of the total oil compositions. The major components of the oils were monoterpenoid compounds with β-pinene, myrcene, α-phellandrene, cis-β-ocimene, trans-β-ocimene, β-caryophyllene, α-humulene and germacrene D found in all samples. Numerical cluster and principal component analyses of the major constituents revealed four well-defined chemotypes and a high variability within the oil samples. The essential oils show significant multi-methods activities on antioxidant, cytotoxic, and larvicidal, alongside effective antibacterial action against some key pathogens (Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Bacillus pumilus and Enterococcus faecalis), with inhibition zone ranging from (8.3 ± 0.6–27.3 ± 0.9) mm and MIC values of ≤5.0 mg/mL. Documenting the inaugural, in-depth analysis of S. polyanthemoides growing in South Africa, this study provides novel findings on its antioxidant, larvicidal, brine shrimp lethality, and antibacterial activities.
Keywords: Senecio polyanthemoides; Asteraceae; essential oil; chemotypes; variability; biological activity Senecio polyanthemoides; Asteraceae; essential oil; chemotypes; variability; biological activity

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MDPI and ACS Style

Amisu, K.O.; Lawal, O.A.; Giwa-ajeniya, O.A.; Dada, V.A.; Akinkunmi, K.O.; Oladapo, O.E.; Ogundare, O.C.; Bello, I.; Aduak, E.E.; Osunsanmi, F.O.; et al. Senecio polyanthemoides Sch. Bip. (Asteraceae) Essential Oils: Chemical Composition, Interpopulation Variability Study and In Vitro Biological Activities of Eight Wild Populations. Molecules 2026, 31, 2006. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules31122006

AMA Style

Amisu KO, Lawal OA, Giwa-ajeniya OA, Dada VA, Akinkunmi KO, Oladapo OE, Ogundare OC, Bello I, Aduak EE, Osunsanmi FO, et al. Senecio polyanthemoides Sch. Bip. (Asteraceae) Essential Oils: Chemical Composition, Interpopulation Variability Study and In Vitro Biological Activities of Eight Wild Populations. Molecules. 2026; 31(12):2006. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules31122006

Chicago/Turabian Style

Amisu, Kehinde O., Oladipupo A. Lawal, Olufemi A. Giwa-ajeniya, Victoria A. Dada, Kanyinsola O. Akinkunmi, Omobolanle E. Oladapo, Oyinlade C. Ogundare, Isyaku Bello, Emmanuel E. Aduak, Foluso O. Osunsanmi, and et al. 2026. "Senecio polyanthemoides Sch. Bip. (Asteraceae) Essential Oils: Chemical Composition, Interpopulation Variability Study and In Vitro Biological Activities of Eight Wild Populations" Molecules 31, no. 12: 2006. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules31122006

APA Style

Amisu, K. O., Lawal, O. A., Giwa-ajeniya, O. A., Dada, V. A., Akinkunmi, K. O., Oladapo, O. E., Ogundare, O. C., Bello, I., Aduak, E. E., Osunsanmi, F. O., Mosa, R. A., Eleiwa, M. M. E., Opoku, A. R., & Oyedeji, A. O. (2026). Senecio polyanthemoides Sch. Bip. (Asteraceae) Essential Oils: Chemical Composition, Interpopulation Variability Study and In Vitro Biological Activities of Eight Wild Populations. Molecules, 31(12), 2006. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules31122006

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