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Volume 31
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10.3390/molecules31010011
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This is an early access version, the complete PDF, HTML, and XML versions will be available soon.
Article

Differences in Non-Anthocyanin Phenolics and Antioxidant Capacity of 27 Red Grapevine Varieties Grown in Northern Portugal

by
Miguel Baltazar
1,
Sandra Pereira
1,
Eliana Monteiro
1,
Vânia Silva
1,
Helena Ferreira
1,
Joana Valente
2,
Fernando Alves
2,
Isaura Castro
1 and
Berta Gonçalves
1,*
1
Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), Institute for Innovation, Capacity Building and Sustainability of Agri-food Production (Inov4Agro), University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
2
Symington Family Estates, Travessa Barão de Forrester 86, 4400-034 Vila Nova de Gaia, Portugal
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Molecules 2026, 31(1), 11; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules31010011
Submission received: 29 October 2025 / Revised: 12 December 2025 / Accepted: 18 December 2025 / Published: 19 December 2025
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Food Bioactive Components in Functional Foods and Nutraceuticals)
Versions Notes

Abstract

Climate change imposes significant challenges on vitiviniculture, increasing the need to identify more resilient grapevine varieties. While red grape varieties are known for their high anthocyanin content, other phenolic compounds should also be considered when assessing adaptability to biotic and abiotic stresses. For this, the phenolic composition and antioxidant capacity of 27 red Vitis vinifera L. varieties grown in Portugal were studied across two years. Under warmer and drier conditions, most varieties exhibited higher total phenolic content (TPC) and antioxidant activity, with ‘Donzelinho Tinto’ and ‘Zinfandel’ displaying the most pronounced increases. These varieties also had the highest increases in phenolic acids and flavan-3-ols, highlighting how environmental stress modulates secondary metabolites. Varieties such as ‘Aragonez’, Trincadeira’, Touriga Franca’, and ‘Tinta Francisca’, demonstrated stable profiles, indicating a robust response to climatic fluctuation. Correlation analysis revealed strong associations between TPC and antioxidant capacity, highlighting the importance of phenolics in mitigating oxidative stress. By identifying varieties with enhanced phenolic and antioxidant plasticity, the diversity observed in this work offers valuable insights for future varietal selection aimed at mitigating climate change-induced challenges. Overall, this work reinforces the potential of varietal selection to promote sustainable viticulture in regions increasingly impacted by climatic variability.
Keywords: abiotic stress; antioxidant activity; climate change; phenolic compounds; varietal selection; Vitis vinifera L. abiotic stress; antioxidant activity; climate change; phenolic compounds; varietal selection; Vitis vinifera L.

Share and Cite

MDPI and ACS Style

Baltazar, M.; Pereira, S.; Monteiro, E.; Silva, V.; Ferreira, H.; Valente, J.; Alves, F.; Castro, I.; Gonçalves, B. Differences in Non-Anthocyanin Phenolics and Antioxidant Capacity of 27 Red Grapevine Varieties Grown in Northern Portugal. Molecules 2026, 31, 11. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules31010011

AMA Style

Baltazar M, Pereira S, Monteiro E, Silva V, Ferreira H, Valente J, Alves F, Castro I, Gonçalves B. Differences in Non-Anthocyanin Phenolics and Antioxidant Capacity of 27 Red Grapevine Varieties Grown in Northern Portugal. Molecules. 2026; 31(1):11. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules31010011

Chicago/Turabian Style

Baltazar, Miguel, Sandra Pereira, Eliana Monteiro, Vânia Silva, Helena Ferreira, Joana Valente, Fernando Alves, Isaura Castro, and Berta Gonçalves. 2026. "Differences in Non-Anthocyanin Phenolics and Antioxidant Capacity of 27 Red Grapevine Varieties Grown in Northern Portugal" Molecules 31, no. 1: 11. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules31010011

APA Style

Baltazar, M., Pereira, S., Monteiro, E., Silva, V., Ferreira, H., Valente, J., Alves, F., Castro, I., & Gonçalves, B. (2026). Differences in Non-Anthocyanin Phenolics and Antioxidant Capacity of 27 Red Grapevine Varieties Grown in Northern Portugal. Molecules, 31(1), 11. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules31010011

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