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Volume 30
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This is an early access version, the complete PDF, HTML, and XML versions will be available soon.
Article

Preparation of Lignin Nanoparticles from Thlaspi arvense L. Rhizomes via Ultrasound-Assisted Antisolvent Precipitation: Nanostructural Characterization and Evaluation of Their Radical Scavenging Activity

by
Ru Zhao
1,2,
Wenjun Xu
1,
Yuxiang Tang
1,
Jinwen Liu
1,
Xiaoli Li
1,
Liangui Tan
1,
Ailing Ben
1,
Tingli Liu
1,* and
Lei Yang
2,*
1
Nanjing Engineering Research Center for Peanut Genetic Engineering Breeding and Industrialization, School of Food Science, Nanjing Xiaozhuang University, Nanjing 211171, China
2
Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Resource Utilization, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
*
Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Molecules 2025, 30(20), 4070; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules30204070 (registering DOI)
Submission received: 20 August 2025 / Revised: 3 October 2025 / Accepted: 10 October 2025 / Published: 13 October 2025
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Green Chemistry in China: Advancing Sustainable Science for a Better World)
Versions Notes

Abstract

The ultrasound-assisted antisolvent precipitation method was used to prepare lignin nanoparticles from Thlaspi arvense L. rhizomes. The influence of each experimental variable on the average particle size (APS) of the lignin nanoparticles was determined via single-factor experiments. The optimal conditions for the preparation of the lignin nanoparticles were investigated in detail, and the APS of the lignin nanoparticles was 118 ± 3 nm. Compared with those of untreated lignin, the lignin nanoparticles prepared via this method were spherical and evenly distributed, and the structure was not damaged. Ultrasound generated local extreme physical conditions through its cavitation effect to promote nucleation, triggered high-speed turbulence to refine the particle size and improve uniformity, and applied mechanical disturbance to inhibit particle agglomeration, which promoted the preparation of lignin nanoparticles with a small size and good dispersion. A solubility test revealed that the lignin nanoparticles had greater solubility, which was improved 9-fold. The determination of antioxidant capacity revealed that the lignin nanoparticles had high free radical scavenging activity, which provided a broader space for the multifaceted utilization of a kind of grass lignin with the structural characteristics of T. arvense lignin (p-hydroxyphenyl lignin).
Keywords: ultrasound-assisted antisolvent precipitation; Thlaspi arvense L. rhizomes; lignin nanoparticles; solubility; radical scavenging activity ultrasound-assisted antisolvent precipitation; Thlaspi arvense L. rhizomes; lignin nanoparticles; solubility; radical scavenging activity

Share and Cite

MDPI and ACS Style

Zhao, R.; Xu, W.; Tang, Y.; Liu, J.; Li, X.; Tan, L.; Ben, A.; Liu, T.; Yang, L. Preparation of Lignin Nanoparticles from Thlaspi arvense L. Rhizomes via Ultrasound-Assisted Antisolvent Precipitation: Nanostructural Characterization and Evaluation of Their Radical Scavenging Activity. Molecules 2025, 30, 4070. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules30204070

AMA Style

Zhao R, Xu W, Tang Y, Liu J, Li X, Tan L, Ben A, Liu T, Yang L. Preparation of Lignin Nanoparticles from Thlaspi arvense L. Rhizomes via Ultrasound-Assisted Antisolvent Precipitation: Nanostructural Characterization and Evaluation of Their Radical Scavenging Activity. Molecules. 2025; 30(20):4070. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules30204070

Chicago/Turabian Style

Zhao, Ru, Wenjun Xu, Yuxiang Tang, Jinwen Liu, Xiaoli Li, Liangui Tan, Ailing Ben, Tingli Liu, and Lei Yang. 2025. "Preparation of Lignin Nanoparticles from Thlaspi arvense L. Rhizomes via Ultrasound-Assisted Antisolvent Precipitation: Nanostructural Characterization and Evaluation of Their Radical Scavenging Activity" Molecules 30, no. 20: 4070. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules30204070

APA Style

Zhao, R., Xu, W., Tang, Y., Liu, J., Li, X., Tan, L., Ben, A., Liu, T., & Yang, L. (2025). Preparation of Lignin Nanoparticles from Thlaspi arvense L. Rhizomes via Ultrasound-Assisted Antisolvent Precipitation: Nanostructural Characterization and Evaluation of Their Radical Scavenging Activity. Molecules, 30(20), 4070. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules30204070

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