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Article

A Pectin Polysaccharide from Arnebia szechenyi Kanitz and Its Digestion Product: Physicochemical Properties and Immunostimulatory and Antioxidant Activities

by
Surina Bo
1,†,
Peng Zhao
1,†,
Sarangua Ochir
2,
Huiwen Pang
3,
Mu Dan
1,4,*,
Wenming Bai
1,*,
Man Zhang
1 and
Jingkun Lu
5
1
College of Pharmacy, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Jinshan Development Zone, Hohhot 010110, China
2
Academy of Mongolian Medicine, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Jinshan Development Zone, Hohhot 010110, China
3
Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
4
Department of Chemistry, Science School, National University of Mongolia, Ulaanbaatar 976-13343, Mongolia
5
College of Basic Medicine, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Jinshan Development Zone, Hohhot 010110, China
*
Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.
†
These authors contributed equally to this work.
Molecules 2025, 30(19), 3852; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules30193852
Submission received: 20 August 2025 / Revised: 19 September 2025 / Accepted: 20 September 2025 / Published: 23 September 2025
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Research on Chemical Composition and Activity of Natural Products, 2nd Edition)
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Abstract

The root of Arnebia szechenyi Kanitz, known as “Mongolia Zicao,” has been widely used in traditional Chinese and Mongolia medicine. Herein, we aimed to characterize a pectin polysaccharide extracted from A. szechenyi Kanitz root (ASP), elucidate its structure, and evaluate potential immunomodulatory activities through in vitro assays. Sugar composition analysis and high-performance gel permeation chromatography (HPGPC) revealed that ASP is predominantly composed of GalA (45.44%), Gal (22.13%), and Ara (19.86%) with a homogenous molecular weight of 18.4 kD. ASP was identified as a typical pectin-like polysaccharide containing linear HG domains and potentially linked to complex branches with Ara and Glu residues. The monosaccharide analysis of the digestion product, D-ASP, supported this hypothesis. The Congo red test indicated the absence of a triple-helix structure in ASP and its digestion product D-ASP. ASP exhibited an irregular structure due to the branching fork, which disappeared after digestion, as observed by scanning electron microscopy. Additionally, ASP and D-ASP had certain antioxidant activities and significantly stimulated the release of cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-a, NO), macrophage proliferation and phagocytic capability in RAW 264.7 cells in a dose-dependent manner. These findings outline the chemical and biological foundation for the development of novel drug candidates in the food and pharmaceutical industries.
Keywords: Arnebia szechenyi Kanitz; pectin-like polysaccharide; structure elucidation; antioxidant activity; immunostimulatory activity Arnebia szechenyi Kanitz; pectin-like polysaccharide; structure elucidation; antioxidant activity; immunostimulatory activity
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MDPI and ACS Style

Bo, S.; Zhao, P.; Ochir, S.; Pang, H.; Dan, M.; Bai, W.; Zhang, M.; Lu, J. A Pectin Polysaccharide from Arnebia szechenyi Kanitz and Its Digestion Product: Physicochemical Properties and Immunostimulatory and Antioxidant Activities. Molecules 2025, 30, 3852. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules30193852

AMA Style

Bo S, Zhao P, Ochir S, Pang H, Dan M, Bai W, Zhang M, Lu J. A Pectin Polysaccharide from Arnebia szechenyi Kanitz and Its Digestion Product: Physicochemical Properties and Immunostimulatory and Antioxidant Activities. Molecules. 2025; 30(19):3852. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules30193852

Chicago/Turabian Style

Bo, Surina, Peng Zhao, Sarangua Ochir, Huiwen Pang, Mu Dan, Wenming Bai, Man Zhang, and Jingkun Lu. 2025. "A Pectin Polysaccharide from Arnebia szechenyi Kanitz and Its Digestion Product: Physicochemical Properties and Immunostimulatory and Antioxidant Activities" Molecules 30, no. 19: 3852. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules30193852

APA Style

Bo, S., Zhao, P., Ochir, S., Pang, H., Dan, M., Bai, W., Zhang, M., & Lu, J. (2025). A Pectin Polysaccharide from Arnebia szechenyi Kanitz and Its Digestion Product: Physicochemical Properties and Immunostimulatory and Antioxidant Activities. Molecules, 30(19), 3852. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules30193852

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