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Article

Thermodynamic Assessment of the Pyrazinamide Dissolution Process in Some Organic Solvents

by
Jesus Tovar-Amézquita
1,
Cristian Rincón-Guio
2,
Francy Elaine Torres-Suarez
3,
Magda Melissa Florez
3,
Claudia Patricia Ortiz
4,
Fleming Martinez
5 and
Daniel Ricardo Delgado
6,*
1
Sitafi Group Ingeniería S.A.A., Palermo 412001, Huila, Colombia
2
Rectoría Virtual, Ingeniería Industrial, Corporación Universitaria Minuto de Dios-UNIMINUTO, Bogotá 110321, Cundinamarca, Colombia
3
Programa de Medicina, Grupo de Investigación CIST-Centro de Investigación en Salud Para el Trópico, Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia, Sede Santa Marta, Troncal del Caribe, Mamatoco, Santa Marta 470001, Magdalena, Colombia
4
Programa de Administración en Seguridad y Salud en el Trabajo, Grupo de Investigación en Seguridad y Salud en el Trabajo, Corporación Universitaria Minuto de Dios-UNIMINUTO, Neiva 410001, Huila, Colombia
5
Grupo de Investigaciones Farmacéutico-Fisicoquímicas, Departamento de Farmacia, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Sede Bogotá, Carrera 30 No. 45-03, Bogotá 110321, Cundinamarca, Colombia
6
Programa de Ingeniería Civil, Grupo de Investigación de Ingenierías UCC-Neiva, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia, Sede Neiva, Calle 11 No. 1-51, Neiva 410001, Huila, Colombia
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Molecules 2024, 29(21), 5089; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules29215089
Submission received: 13 September 2024 / Revised: 12 October 2024 / Accepted: 22 October 2024 / Published: 28 October 2024
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances in Chemical Thermodynamics from Theory to Experiment)
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Abstract

Pyrazinamide is a first line drug used for the treatment of tuberculosis, a pathology that caused the death of more than 1.3 million people in the world during 2022, according to WHO, being a drug of current interest due to its relevance in pharmaceutical and medical sciences. In this context, solubility is one of the most important physicochemical parameters in the development and/or optimization of new pharmaceutical forms, so the present work aims to present a thermodynamic study of the solubility of pyrazinamide in nine organic solvents of pharmaceutical interest. Using the shake-flask method and UV/Vis spectrophotometry, the solubility of this drug was determined at 9 temperatures; the maximum solubility was obtained in dimethyl sulfoxide at 318.15 K (x2=0.0816±0.004) and the minimum in cyclohexane at 283.15 K (1.73±0.05×10−5). From the apparent solubility data, the thermodynamic functions of solution and mixing were calculated, indicating an endothermic process. In addition, the solubility parameter of pyrazinamide was calculated using the Hoftyzer-van Krevelen (32.90 MPa1/2) and Bustamante (28.14 MPa1/2) methods. The maximum solubility was reached in dimethyl sulfoxide and the minimum in cyclohexane. As for the thermodynamic functions, the entropy drives the solution process in all cases. In relation to the solubility parameter, it can be analyzed that the mathematical models offer approximations; however, the experimental data are still primordial at the time of inferring any process.
Keywords: pyrazinamide; solubility; tuberculosis; shake-flask method; thermodynamic properties; Hoftyzer-van Krevelen; Fedor; solubility parameters pyrazinamide; solubility; tuberculosis; shake-flask method; thermodynamic properties; Hoftyzer-van Krevelen; Fedor; solubility parameters

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MDPI and ACS Style

Tovar-Amézquita, J.; Rincón-Guio, C.; Torres-Suarez, F.E.; Florez, M.M.; Ortiz, C.P.; Martinez, F.; Delgado, D.R. Thermodynamic Assessment of the Pyrazinamide Dissolution Process in Some Organic Solvents. Molecules 2024, 29, 5089. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules29215089

AMA Style

Tovar-Amézquita J, Rincón-Guio C, Torres-Suarez FE, Florez MM, Ortiz CP, Martinez F, Delgado DR. Thermodynamic Assessment of the Pyrazinamide Dissolution Process in Some Organic Solvents. Molecules. 2024; 29(21):5089. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules29215089

Chicago/Turabian Style

Tovar-Amézquita, Jesus, Cristian Rincón-Guio, Francy Elaine Torres-Suarez, Magda Melissa Florez, Claudia Patricia Ortiz, Fleming Martinez, and Daniel Ricardo Delgado. 2024. "Thermodynamic Assessment of the Pyrazinamide Dissolution Process in Some Organic Solvents" Molecules 29, no. 21: 5089. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules29215089

APA Style

Tovar-Amézquita, J., Rincón-Guio, C., Torres-Suarez, F. E., Florez, M. M., Ortiz, C. P., Martinez, F., & Delgado, D. R. (2024). Thermodynamic Assessment of the Pyrazinamide Dissolution Process in Some Organic Solvents. Molecules, 29(21), 5089. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules29215089

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