The Role of MMP-9 and MMP-9 Inhibition in Different Types of Thyroid Carcinoma
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. MMP-9 Inhibition in Different Diseases
2.1. Inhibitory Mechanisms and Representative Agents of MMP-9 Inhibition
2.2. MMP-9 Inhibition in Different Diseases
2.2.1. Natural MMP-9 Inhibitors or MMP-9 Inhibitory Molecules Applied to Different Diseases
Reference | Molecules | Research Methods | Research Diseases | Research Subjects | Effective Dose |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
[18] | Morus alba Stem Extract (MSE) | ELISA RT-PCR | Periodontitis | THP-1 cells | 20 µg/mL, 40 µg/mL |
[24] | Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) | Gelatin zymography | Nasopharyngeal carcinoma | TW01 cells NA cells | 10 μM, 20 μM, 30 μM, 50 μM |
[25] | Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) | Gelatin zymography | Myeloid leukemia | HL-60 cells | 0.3 µM, 1 µM, 3 µM, 10 µM, 30 µM |
[26] | Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) | Gelatin zymography | Transient global cerebral ischemia | A C57BL/6 mouse model of transient global cerebral ischemia | 50 mg/kg |
[27] | Mangiferin | Gelatin zymography RT-PCR Western blotting | Astroglioma | U87MG cells U373MG cells CRT-MG cells | 30–300 μM |
[28] | Mangiferin | Gelatin zymography RT-PCR Western blotting | Prostate carcinoma | LNCaP cells | 400 μM |
[29] | Mangiferin | Gelatin zymography RT-PCR | Glioma | U87 cells | 50 μM, 100 μM |
[30] | Mangiferin | ELISA Western blotting | Breast carcinoma | MDA-MB-231 cells BT-549 cells | 12.5 μM, 25 μM, 50 μM |
[30] | Mangiferin | Western blotting | Breast carcinoma | An SCID mouse MDA-MB-231 xenograft model | 100 mg/kg |
[31] | β-sitosterol (SITO) | Western blotting | Colon carcinoma | CT26/luc cells | 16 µM |
[31] | Liposomal β-sitosterol (LS) | Western blotting | Colon carcinoma | CT26/luc cells | 16 µM |
[32] | Resveratrol (RES) | Gelatin zymography | Vascular leakage | THP-1 cells | 30 μM |
[32] | Resveratrol-Linoleate (RES-LA) | Gelatin zymography | Vascular leakage | THP-1 cells | 10 μM, 20 μM, 30 μM, 40 μM |
[33] | Salvianolic acid A (SAA) | Western blotting | Ischemia reperfusion | An SD rat model of cerebral ischemia reperfusion | 5 mg/kg, 10 mg/kg, 20 mg/kg |
[34] | Theaflavin | RT-PCR | Periodontitis | A Wistar rat model of ligatured periodontitis | 10 mg/mL, 100 mg/mL |
[35] | Curcumin | RT-PCR Western blotting | Atherosclerosis (AS) | THP-1 cells | 6.25 µM, 25 µM, 50 µM |
[36] | β-elemene | Immunohistochemistry RT-PCR Western blotting | Melanoma | A C57BL/6J mouse model with subretinal injection of B16F10 cells | 2 μL every 2 days |
[37] | Angelica gigas (AG) | RT-PCR | Periodontitis | An SD rat model of ligature-induced periodontitis | 1 mg/mL, 100 mg/mL |
[37] | Angelica gigas (AG) | ELISA | Periodontitis | HDF cells | 1 µg/mL, 10 µg/mL, 100 µg/mL |
2.2.2. Non-Natural MMP-9 Inhibitors or MMP-9 Inhibitory Molecules Applied to Different Diseases
2.2.3. MMP-9 Inhibitors or MMP-9 Inhibitory Molecules Involved in Clinical Trials
3. MMP-9 Expression in Thyroid Carcinoma
3.1. Introduction of Thyroid Carcinoma Diagnosis
3.2. MMP-9 Expression Levels in Thyroid Carcinoma
Reference | Type of Thyroid Carcinoma | Type of Samples | Research Objects | Research Methods | MMP-9 Expression Data | MMP-9 Expression Levels |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
[91] | PTC | Tissue | 86 patients with PTC | Immunohistochemistry Gelatin zymography Western blotting | IHC positive staining ratio: PTC tumor tissues: 71/86 (82.56%) PTC non-tumor tissues: 53/86 (61.63%) | MMP-9 had a statistically significant higher level in tumor tissues than non-tumor tissues in PTC (p < 0.05). |
[92] | PTC | Tissue | 25 patients with non-metastatic small PTC 19 patients with metastatic small PTC | Immunohistochemistry | IHC scores: Non-metastatic PTC tumor tissues: 1.44 Non-metastatic PTC non-tumor tissues: 0.80 Metastatic PTC tumor tissues: 2.00 Metastatic PTC non-tumor tissues: 0.82 | MMP-9 had a statistically significant higher level in tumor tissues than non-tumor tissues in both non-metastatic PTC (p < 0.01) and metastatic PTC (p < 0.001). |
[93] | PTC | Tissue | 83 patients with PTC | Immunohistochemistry RT-PCR | IHC positive staining ratio: PTC tumor tissues: 48/83 (57.83%) PTC non-tumor tissues: 2/83 (2.41%) | MMP-9 had a statistically significant higher level in tumor tissues than non-tumor tissues in PTC (p < 0.001). |
[94] | PTC | Tissue | 50 patients with PTC | Immunohistochemistry RT-PCR | / | MMP-9 had a statistically significant higher level in tumor tissues than non-tumor tissues in PTC (p = 0.01). |
[95] | PTC | Tissue | 60 patients with PTC 30 patients with MNG | ELISA RT-PCR | mRNA level: PTC tumor tissues: 8.05 ± 16.48 PTC non-tumor tissues: 3.06 ± 3.63 Protein level: PTC tumor tissues: 429.60 ± 288.54 PTC non-tumor tissues: 223.15 ± 137.68 | MMP-9 had a statistically significant higher level in tumor tissues than non-tumor tissues in PTC (p < 0.05). |
[82] | PTC | Tissue | 112 patients with PTC 42 patients with BTN | Immunohistochemistry | IHC scores: PTC tumor tissues: median 4.0, IQR 2.0–8.0 BTN tumor tissues: median 1.0, IQR 0.0–1.0 | MMP-9 had a statistically significant higher level in PTC tissues than in BTN tissues (p < 0.001). |
[84] | PTC | Serum | 182 patients with PTC 86 patients with BTN 62 HCs | ELISA | Protein level: PTC serums: median 79.45, IQR 64.06–113.15 BTN serums: median 47.35, IQR 38.05–68.14 HC serums: median 47.71, IQR 36.70–59.52 | MMP-9 had a statistically significant higher level in PTC serums than in BTN serums (p < 0.001) and HC serums (p < 0.001). |
[85] | PTC MTC FTC ATC | Tissue | 47 patients with TC 22 patients with FA | ELISA | / | MMP-9 had a statistically significant higher level in TC tissues than in FA tissues (p = 0.001). |
[95] | PTC | Tissue | 60 patients with PTC 30 patients with MNG | ELISA RT-PCR | mRNA level: PTC tumor tissues: 6.77 ± 7.16 MNG tumor tissues: 2.49 ± 3.70 Protein level: PTC tumor tissues: 429.60 ± 288.54 MNG tumor tissues: 218.14 ± 113.74 | MMP-9 had a statistically significant higher level in PTC tissues than in MNG tissues (p < 0.05). |
[96] | FTC | Tissue | 6 patients with WIFC 15 patients with MIFC 19 patients with FA 10 patients with AG | Immunohistochemistry | IHC positive staining ratio: MIFC tumor tissues: 13/15 (86.67%) FA tumor tissues: 11/19 (57.89%) AG tumor tissues: 3/10 (30.00%) | MMP-9 had a statistically significant higher level in MIFC tissues than in FA tissues (p < 0.05) and AG tissues (p < 0.005). |
[97] | PTC | Tissue | 66 patients with PTC 40 patients with BTN | Immunohistochemistry | IHC positive staining ratio: PTC tumor tissues: 61/66 (92.42%) BTN tumor tissues: 8/40 (20.00%) | MMP-9 had a statistically significant higher level in PTC tissues than in BTN tissues (p < 0.001). |
[98] | DTC | Serum | 57 patients with DTC 49 patients with BTN 20 HCs | ELISA RT-PCR | Protein level: Mean ± SD DTC serums: 134.70 ± 32.52 BTN serums: 47.60 ± 20.10 HC serums: 40.52 ± 10.20 | MMP-9 had a statistically significant higher level in DTC serums than in BTN serums (p < 0.05) and HC serums (p < 0.05). |
[99] | PTC | Serum | 41 patients with PTC 56 patients with BTN | ELISA | Protein level: PTC serums: 299.98 ± 70.48 BTN serums: 126.62 ± 19.26 | MMP-9 had a statistically significant higher level in PTC serums than in BTN serums (p < 0.01). |
[100] | PTC | Plasma | 30 patients with PTC 30 patients with BTN 23 HCs | ELISA | Protein level: Mean ± SD PTC plasma: 72.3 ± 23.3 BTN plasma: 23.0 ± 2.2 HC plasma: 22.1 ± 3.0 | MMP-9 had a statistically significant higher level in PTC plasma than in BTN plasma (p < 0.05) and HC plasma (p < 0.05). |
[101] | PTC FTC ATC | Cell | IHH-4 cells FTC-133 cells 8505C cells HT-ori3 cells | Western blot RT-PCR | Protein level (the relative gray value): HT-ori3 cells: 1.01 ± 0.43 IHH-4 cells: 6.59 ± 1.24 FTC-133 cells: 5.10 ± 0.91 8505C cells: 5.42 ± 0.86 mRNA level: HT-ori3 cells: 1.01 ± 0.09 IHH-4 cells: 4.56 ± 0.61 FTC-133 cells: 3.41 ± 0.42 8505C cells: 2.79 ± 0.26 | MMP-9 had a statistically significant higher level in IHH-4 cells, FTC-133 cells, and 8505C cells than HT-ori3 cells (p < 0.05). |
[98] | DTC | Serum | 57 patients with DTC 49 patients with BTN 20 HCs | ELISA RT-PCR | Protein level: DTC preoperative serums: 134.70 ± 32.52 DTC postoperative serums (1 month after surgery): 51.46 ± 18.34 | MMP-9 had a statistically significant higher level in DTC serums before operation than after operation (p < 0.05). |
[99] | PTC | Serum | 41 patients with PTC 56 patients with BTN | ELISA | Protein level: PTC preoperative serums: 299.98 ± 70.48 PTC postoperative serums (3 months after surgery): 201.65 ± 65.31 PTC postoperative serums (6 months after surgery): 184.64 ± 64.82 PTC postoperative serums (12 months after surgery): 169.07 ± 64.16 | MMP-9 had a statistically significant higher level in PTC serums before operation than after operation (p < 0.05). |
[102] | PTC | Tissue | 27 patients with metastatic PTC 31 patients with non-metastatic PTC | Immunohistochemistry | IHC positive and strongly positive staining ratio: Metastatic PTC tumor tissues: 19/27 (70.37%) Non-metastatic PTC tumor tissues: 11/31 (35.48%) | MMP-9 had a statistically significant higher level in PTC tumor tissues with metastasis than without metastasis (p < 0.05). |
[103] | PTC | Tissue | 71 patients with cervical lymph node metastatic PTC 85 patients with non-metastatic PTC | Immunohistochemistry | IHC intense positive staining ratio: Metastatic PTC tumor tissues: 17/21 (80.95%)Non-metastatic PTC tumor tissues: 4/21 (19.05%) | MMP-9 had a statistically significant higher level in PTC tumor tissues with metastasis than without metastasis (p = 0.000). |
[104] | PTC | Tissue | 17 patients with CPTC 25 patients with FPTC | Immunohistochemistry | IHC positive staining ratio: FPTC tumor tissues: 20/25 (80.00%) CPTC tumor tissues: 17/17 (100.00%) | MMP-9 had a statistically significant higher level in CPTC tissues than in FPTC tissues (p < 0.004). |
Reference | Type of Thyroid Carcinoma | Type of Samples | Lymph Node Metastasis (LNM) | Extrathyroidal Invasion (EI) | Degree of Tumor Infiltration (DTI) | TNM Stage | Tumor Size | Distant Metastasis | Age | Lymphovascular Invasion |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
[81] | PTC | Tissue | p = 0.028 | p = 0.001 | p = 0.005 | p = 0.031 | ||||
[82] | PTC | Tissue | Central LNM p = 0.002 Lateral LNM p < 0.001 | p = 0.004 | ||||||
[83] | PTC | Tissue | p = 0.004 | p < 0.001 | p < 0.001 | p = 0.034 | ||||
[91] | PTC | Tissue | p = 0.014 | |||||||
[93] | PTC | Tissue | p < 0.001 (protein) p = 0.038 (mRNA) | p = 0.008 | ||||||
[94] | PTC | Tissue | p = 0.019 | p = 0.019 | ||||||
[95] | PTC | Tissue | p = 0.011 (mRNA) p = 0.001 (protein) | p = 0.015 (mRNA) p = 0.001 (protein) | p = 0.003 (mRNA) p = 0.036 (protein) | |||||
[97] | PTC | Tissue | p = 0.006 | p < 0.001 | p = 0.003 | |||||
[105] | FTC | Tissue | p = 0.001 | p = 0.016 | ||||||
[84] | PTC | Serum | Lateral LNM p < 0.001 | p = 0.022 | p < 0.001 | p = 0.029 | p = 0.003 | |||
[98] | DTC | Serum | p < 0.05 | p < 0.05 | p < 0.05 | p < 0.05 | ||||
[100] | PTC | Plasma | p < 0.001 | p = 0.037 | p = 0.003 | p = 0.002 | p = 0.034 |
4. MMP-9 Inhibition in Thyroid Carcinoma
4.1. Introduction of Thyroid Carcinoma Therapy
4.2. MMP-9 Inhibition in Thyroid Carcinoma
4.2.1. Natural MMP-9 Inhibitors or MMP-9 Inhibitory Molecules Applied to Thyroid Carcinoma
4.2.2. Non-Natural MMP-9 Inhibitors or MMP-9 Inhibitory Molecules Applied to Thyroid Carcinoma
5. Conclusions and Prospects
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Reference | Molecules | Research Methods | Research Diseases | Research Subjects | Effective Dose |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
[16] | Theissenolactone C (LC53) | Gelatin zymography RT-PCR Western blotting | Glaucoma | MCP-1-stimulated THP-1 cells | 2 µM, 5 µM, 10 µM |
[16] | Theissenolactone C (LC53) | Gelatin zymography RT-PCR Western blotting | Glaucoma | IL-1β-activated primary astrocytes derived from the rat brain | 2 µM, 5 µM, 10 µM |
[16] | Theissenolactone C (LC53) | Gelatin zymography RT-PCR Western blotting | Glaucoma | An SD rat model of high intraocular pressure (IOP)-related retinal ischemia reperfusion injury | 10 mg/kg |
[16] | Memantine | Gelatin zymography RT-PCR Western blotting | Glaucoma | An SD rat model of high intraocular pressure (IOP)-related retinal ischemia reperfusion injury | 20 mg/kg |
[16] | Memantine | Gelatin zymography RT-PCR Western blotting | Glaucoma | MCP-1-stimulated THP-1 cells | 100 µM |
[38] | SB-3CT | Gelatin zymography | Embolic focal cerebral ischemia | A C57Bl/6 J mouse model of embolic focal cerebral ischemia | 25 mg/kg |
[39] | SB-3CT | Immunohistochemistry | Traumatic brain injury (TBI) | An SD rat model of traumatic brain injury induced by a fluid percussion | 50 mg/kg |
[40] | SB-3CT | RT-PCR | Corneal lymphangiogenesis | A C57BL/6 mouse model of inflammatory corneal neovascularization induced by corneal suture placement | 50 µM, 100 µM, 200 µM |
[41] | AZD1236 | Gelatin zymography | Spinal cord injury | A mouse and rat model of spinal cord injury | 100 mg/kg, 200 mg/kg, 300 mg/kg (oral administration) 2.5 mg/mL, 5 mg/mL, 10 mg/mL (intrathecal injection) |
[42] | AZD1236 | / | Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) | Patients with stable moderate-to-severe COPD | 75 mg |
[43] | AZ11557272 | Western blotting | Smoke-induced emphysema | A Hartley strain guinea pig model exposed to the smoke or air | 100 mg/kg |
[44] | (Ⅰ-3,Ⅱ-3)-biacacetin | Gelatin zymography | Fibrosarcoma | HT1080 cells | 10 μM |
[45] | AZD3342 | ELISA Gelatin zymography RT-PCR | Colonic anastomoses | An SD rat model constructed of colonic anastomoses | 50 mg/kg |
[46] | GM6001 | ImmunohistochemistryWestern blotting | Hypertensive cerebropathy | Dahl salt-sensitive (Dahl/SS) and Lewis rat models fed with a high-salt diet | 1.2 mg/kg |
[47] | GM6001 | Western blotting | Single severe traumatic brain injury (ssTBI) | A C57BL/6 WT mouse model of traumatic brain injury stimulated by a closed head injury | 50 mg/kg |
[48] | AG-L-66085 | RT-PCR | Retinoblastoma (Rb) | Y79 cells Weri-1 cells | 5 μM |
[49] | (R)-ND-336 | Gelatin zymography | Diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs) | A db/db mouse model with a single 8-mm diameter full-thickness excisional wound | 2 mg/kg |
[50] | (R)-ND-336 | Gelatin zymography | Diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs) | A db/db mouse model with an infected wound | 10 μg |
[51] | β-aminopropionitrile (BAPN) | ELISA Gelatin zymography Western blotting | Gastric carcinoma | A nude mouse model of gastric carcinoma inoculated SGC-7901 cells | 0.1 mM, 0.2 mM, 0.3 mM |
[52] | Indinavir (IDV) | Gelatin zymography RT-PCR | Cervical carcinoma (CC) | An HPV16/E2 mouse transgenic model of HR-HPV-induced estrogen-promoted CC | 1.4 mg/day |
[52] | Saquinavir (SQV) | Gelatin zymography RT-PCR | Cervical carcinoma (CC) | An HPV16/E2 mouse transgenic model of HR-HPV-induced estrogen-promoted CC | 1 mg/day |
[52] | Lopinavir (LPV) | Gelatin zymography RT-PCR | Cervical carcinoma (CC) | An HPV16/E2 mouse transgenic model of HR-HPV-induced estrogen-promoted CC | 0.46 mg/day |
[53] | Delta-tocotrienol (δT) | Gelatin zymography RT-PCR Western blotting | Non-small-cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) | A549 cells H1299 cells | 10 μM, 20 μM, 30 μM |
[54] | Simvastatin | Gelatin zymography | Glaucoma | Primary astrocytes derived from the human optic nerve head | 5 μg/mL |
[54] | Lovastatin | Gelatin zymography | Glaucoma | Primary astrocytes derived from the human optic nerve head | 5 μg/mL |
[54] | Atorvastatin | Gelatin zymography | Glaucoma | Primary astrocytes derived from the human optic nerve head | 5 μg/mL |
[55] | Lipoxin A4 methyl ester (LXA4 ME) | Western blotting | Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) | An SD rat model of intracerebral hemorrhage | 10 ng/day, 100 ng/day |
[56] | Hydroxytyrosol (HT) | ELISA Gelatin zymography RT-PCR | Atherosclerosis (AS) | PBMCs U937 cells | 1–10 μM IC50 = 10 μM |
[57] | Walnut-derived peptide TWLPLPR (TW-7) | Immunohistochemistry | Alzheimer’s disease (AD) | β-amyloid 25–35-injured bEnd.3 cells | 100 μM |
[58] | Thiamine | ELISA | Sepsis | 86 blood samples of septic patients | 200 mg |
[58] | Ascorbic acid | ELISA | Sepsis | 86 blood samples of septic patients | 50 mg/kg |
[59] | MK2206 2HCl | ImmunohistochemistryRT-PCR Western blotting | Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) | CAL27 cells SCC25 cells | 6 μM, 10 μM |
[60] | U0126 | Gelatin zymography RT-PCR | Diabetic retinopathy (DR) | An SD rate model of diabetes induced by streptozotocin | 0.1 mM |
[61] | BB-94 (Batimastat) | Gelatin zymography RT-PCR | Acute kidney allograft rejection | A Lewis rat model of orthotopic kidney allotransplantation | 30 mg/kg |
[62] | Doxycycline | Gelatin zymography | Skeletal muscle ischemia-reperfusion injury | An SD rat model of skeletal muscle ischemia-reperfusion injury | 50 mg/kg, 200 mg/kg |
[63] | Melatonin | Gelatin zymography Western blotting | Transient focal cerebral ischemia | A C57BL/B6 mouse model of transient focal cerebral ischemia | 5 mg/kg |
[64] | 1, 25(OH)2D3 | ELISA | Pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) | Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from 43 PTB patients | 0.1 μM |
[65] | Imidaprilat | Gelatin zymography | Atherosclerosis | THP-1 cells | 100 nM, 1000 nM |
Reference | Type of Thyroid Carcinoma | Signaling Pathways |
---|---|---|
[107] | PTC | TR4/circ-FNLA/miR-149-5p/MMP-9 |
[108] | PTC | SOX12/POU2F1, POU3F1/MMP-9 |
[109] | PTC | DUXAP10/Akt/mTOR/MMP-9 |
[110] | PTC | KDM1A/TIMP-1/MMP-9 |
[111] | PTC | ALOX5/ MMP9 |
[112] | PTC | ROCK1/MMP-9 |
[113] | FTC | FRNK/FAK/EGF/MMP-9 |
[114] | FTC | S1P/S1P1/MMP-9 |
[115] | ATC | PLK1/MMP-9 |
[116] | ATC | S1P/S1P2/MMP-9 |
[117] | PTC, FTC | S100A4/MMP-9 |
[118] | PTC, ATC | Enigma/PI3K/AKT/MMP-9 |
[119] | PTC, FTC, ATC | IL-17RB/ERK1/2/MMP-9 |
Reference | Molecules | Research Methods | Type of Thyroid Carcinoma | Research Models | Doses | Results |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
[122] | Curcumin | Gelatin zymography Western blotting | PTC | K1 cells | 12.5 μM, 25 μM, 50 μM | Migration inhibition Metastasis inhibition EMT inhibition Viability inhibition |
[123] | Curcumin | Gelatin zymography | PTC | K1 cells | 25 μM, 50 μM | Migration inhibition |
[124] | Curcumin | Western blotting | PTC | TPC-1 cells | 23.31 μM | Migration inhibition Invasion inhibition EMT inhibition Viability inhibition |
[125] | Evodiamine | Western blotting | PTC | TPC-1 cells | 5 μM | Proliferation inhibition Migration inhibition EMT inhibition Viability inhibition |
[125] | Evodiamine | Western blotting | ATC | SW1736 cells | 5 μM | Proliferation inhibitionMigration inhibitionEMT inhibitionViability inhibition |
[126] | Schizandrin A (SchA) | RT-PCR Western blotting | PTC | TPC-1 cells | 50 µM | Proliferation inhibition Migration inhibition Invasion inhibition |
[127] | Emodin | Western blotting | ATC | 8505C cells SW1736 cells | 10 µM, 15 µM, 20 µM, 25 µM | Proliferation inhibition Metastasis inhibition Angiogenesis inhibition |
[128] | Ginsenoside Rg3 | Western blotting | PTC | TPC-1 cells BCPAP cells | 50 µM, 100 µM | Metastasis inhibition |
[128] | Ginsenoside Rg3 | Western blotting | ATC | C643 cells Ocut-2c cells | 50 µM, 100 µM | Metastasis inhibition |
[129] | Taraxasterol (TAR) | Western blotting | PTC | TPC-1 cells BCPAP cells | 2.5 µg/mL, 5 µg/mL, 10 µg/mL | Migration inhibition Invasion inhibition EMT inhibition |
[130] | Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) | Gelatin zymography Western blotting | PTC | FB-2 cells | 10 μM, 40 μM, 60 μM | Proliferation inhibition EMT inhibition Motility inhibition |
[131] | Diindolylmethane (DIM) | Gelatin zymography Western blotting | PTC | BCPAP cells | 25 µM | Proliferation inhibition Migration inhibition Invasion inhibition Metastasis inhibition Adhesion inhibition |
[131] | Diindolylmethane (DIM) | Gelatin zymography Western blotting | ATC | 8505C cells | 25 µM | Proliferation inhibition Migration inhibition Invasion inhibition Metastasis inhibition Adhesion inhibition |
[131] | Diindolylmethane (DIM) | Gelatin zymography Western blotting | FTC | CGTHW-1 cells ML-1 cells | 25 µM | Proliferation inhibition Migration inhibition Invasion inhibition Metastasis inhibition Adhesion inhibition |
[132] | Salidroside | RT-PCR Western blotting | ATC | WRO cells | 10 µM, 20 µM, 40 µM | Migration inhibition Invasion inhibition |
[133] | Quercetin | RT-PCR | PTC | BCPAP cells | 100 μM | Migration inhibition Invasion inhibition Adhesion inhibition Apoptosis promotion |
[134] | Silibinin | Gelatin zymography RT-PCR | PTC | TPC-1 cells | 50 µM | Migration inhibition |
[135] | Sevoflurane | Western blotting | PTC | TPC-1 cells IHH-4 cells | 2.5% | Migration inhibition Invasion inhibition Viability inhibition Apoptosis promotion |
[136] | Fingolimod (FTY720) | Gelatin zymography Western blotting | FTC | ML-1 cells | 10 μM | Proliferation inhibition Invasion inhibition |
[137] | Valproic Acid (VPA) | RT-PCR | ATC | 8305C cells | 0.1 mM, 1 mM, 5 mM | Redifferentiation promotion |
[137] | Valproic Acid (VPA) | RT-PCR | PTC | BCPAP cells | 0.1 mM, 1 mM | Redifferentiation promotion |
[138] | BMAP-28 | Colorimetry RT-PCR | MTC | TT cells | 4 µM | Proliferation inhibition |
[139] | 1α,25(OH)2D3 | Gelatin zymography Western blotting | ATC | 8505C cells | 0.1 µM | Migration inhibition Invasion inhibition |
[139] | MART-10 | Gelatin zymography Western blotting | ATC | 8505C cells | 0.1 µM | Migration inhibition Invasion inhibition |
[140] | Gemigliptin and metformin | Western blotting | PTC | TPC-1 cells | 1 mM Gemigliptin and 30 mM metformin | Proliferation inhibition Migration inhibition Viability inhibition |
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Li, Z.; Wei, J.; Chen, B.; Wang, Y.; Yang, S.; Wu, K.; Meng, X. The Role of MMP-9 and MMP-9 Inhibition in Different Types of Thyroid Carcinoma. Molecules 2023, 28, 3705. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules28093705
Li Z, Wei J, Chen B, Wang Y, Yang S, Wu K, Meng X. The Role of MMP-9 and MMP-9 Inhibition in Different Types of Thyroid Carcinoma. Molecules. 2023; 28(9):3705. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules28093705
Chicago/Turabian StyleLi, Zhenshengnan, Jia Wei, Bowen Chen, Yaoqi Wang, Shuai Yang, Kehui Wu, and Xianying Meng. 2023. "The Role of MMP-9 and MMP-9 Inhibition in Different Types of Thyroid Carcinoma" Molecules 28, no. 9: 3705. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules28093705