The Synergistic Activity of Rhamnolipid Combined with Linezolid against Linezolid-Resistant Enterococcus faecium
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. Rhamnolipid Restores the Sensitivity of Linezolid-Resistant Enterococci to Linezolid In Vitro
2.2. Rhamnolipid Is Directly Involved in the Inhibitory Activity of poxtA
2.3. Rhamnolipid with Linezolid Showed a Synergistic Impact In Vivo Compared to Monotherapy
3. Discussion
4. Materials and Methods
4.1. Bacterial Strains and Chemicals
4.2. Checkerboard Assays
4.3. Growth Curves
4.4. Time–Killing Assays
4.5. Combined Disk Test
4.6. Biofilm Eradication Test
4.7. Molecular Docking
4.8. qPCR
4.9. Animal Studies
4.10. Mouse Systemic Infection Model
4.11. Statistical Analysis
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Gene | Primer | Primer Sequence (5′-3′) | References |
---|---|---|---|
16SrRNA | 27F | AGAGTTTGATCMTGGCTCAG | [67] |
1492R | GGTTACCTTGTTACGACTT | ||
gyrB | UP-1 | GAAGTCATCATGACCGTTCTGCAYGCNGGNGGNAARTTYGA | [68] |
UP-2r | AGCAGGGTACGGATGTGCGAGCCRTCNACRTCNGCRTCNGTCAT | ||
Esp | Esp-F | CCACGAGTTAGCGGGAACAG | [22] |
Esp-R | TTGGAGCCCCATCTTTTTCA | ||
tufA | tufA-F | TACACGCCACTACGCTCAC | [22] |
tufA-R | AGCTCCGTCCATTTGAGCAG | ||
optrA | optrA-F | CACTGATTTGAGCAAGCTGTTGGTC | |
optrA-R | TATGGATGGTGTGGCAGCATTGTC | ||
poxtA | poxtA-F | TATGGATGGTGTGGCAGCATTGTC | |
poxtA-R | GGTCGGTATTGTCGGCGTGAAC |
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Chang, Q.; Chen, H.; Li, Y.; Li, H.; Yang, Z.; Zeng, J.; Zhang, P.; Ge, J.; Gao, M. The Synergistic Activity of Rhamnolipid Combined with Linezolid against Linezolid-Resistant Enterococcus faecium. Molecules 2023, 28, 7630. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules28227630
Chang Q, Chen H, Li Y, Li H, Yang Z, Zeng J, Zhang P, Ge J, Gao M. The Synergistic Activity of Rhamnolipid Combined with Linezolid against Linezolid-Resistant Enterococcus faecium. Molecules. 2023; 28(22):7630. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules28227630
Chicago/Turabian StyleChang, Qingru, Huinan Chen, Yifan Li, Hai Li, Zaixing Yang, Jiankai Zeng, Ping Zhang, Junwei Ge, and Mingchun Gao. 2023. "The Synergistic Activity of Rhamnolipid Combined with Linezolid against Linezolid-Resistant Enterococcus faecium" Molecules 28, no. 22: 7630. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules28227630