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Article

Evaluation of Antioxidant and Anticancer Activity of Mono- and Polyfloral Moroccan Bee Pollen by Characterizing Phenolic and Volatile Compounds

by
Volkan Aylanc
1,2,3,
Samar Larbi
1,2,4,
Ricardo Calhelha
1,2,
Lillian Barros
1,2,
Feriel Rezouga
4,
María Shantal Rodríguez-Flores
5,
María Carmen Seijo
5,
Asmae El Ghouizi
6,
Badiaa Lyoussi
6,
Soraia I. Falcão
1,2,* and
Miguel Vilas-Boas
1,2,*
1
Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
2
Laboratório Associado para a Sustentabilidade e Tecnologia em Regiões de Montanha (SusTEC), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
3
Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
4
Département de Génies Biologique et Agroalimentaire, Université Libre de Tunis, 30 Avenue Kheireddine Pacha, Tunis 1002, Tunisia
5
Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Vigo, Campus as Lagoas, 36310 Vigo, Pontevedra, Spain
6
Laboratory Physiology-Pharmacology and Environmental Health, Faculty of Sciences Dhar El Mehraz, University Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdallah, Fez 30050, Morocco
*
Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Molecules 2023, 28(2), 835; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules28020835
Submission received: 13 December 2022 / Revised: 9 January 2023 / Accepted: 9 January 2023 / Published: 13 January 2023
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Natural Polyphenols in Human Health)
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Abstract

Bee pollen is frequently characterized as a natural source of bioactive components, such as phenolic compounds, which are responsible for its pharmaceutical potential and nutritional properties. In this study, we evaluated the bioactive compound contents of mono- and polyfloral bee pollen samples using spectroscopic and chromatographic methods and established links with their antioxidant and antitumor activity. The findings demonstrated that the botanical origin of bee pollen has a remarkable impact on its phenolic (3–17 mg GAE/g) and flavonoid (0.5–3.2 mg QE/g) contents. Liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry analysis revealed the presence of 35 phenolic and 13 phenylamide compounds in bee pollen, while gas chromatography–mass spectrometry showed its richness in volatiles, such as hydrocarbons, fatty acids, alcohols, ketones, etc. The concentration of bioactive compounds in each sample resulted in a substantial distinction in their antioxidant activity, DPPH (EC50: 0.3–0.7 mg/mL), ABTS (0.8–1.3 mM Trolox/mg), and reducing power (0.03–0.05 mg GAE/g), with the most bioactive pollens being the monofloral samples from Olea europaea and Ononis spinosa. Complementarily, some samples revealed a moderate effect on cervical carcinoma (GI50: 495 μg/mL) and breast adenocarcinoma (GI50: 734 μg/mL) cell lines. This may be associated with compounds such as quercetin-O-diglucoside and kaempferol-3-O-rhamnoside, which are present in pollens from Olea europaea and Coriandrum, respectively. Overall, the results highlighted the potentiality of bee pollen to serve health-promoting formulations in the future.
Keywords: antiradical capacity; antitumor activity; bee products; bioactive compounds; phenolic compounds; phenylamides antiradical capacity; antitumor activity; bee products; bioactive compounds; phenolic compounds; phenylamides

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MDPI and ACS Style

Aylanc, V.; Larbi, S.; Calhelha, R.; Barros, L.; Rezouga, F.; Rodríguez-Flores, M.S.; Seijo, M.C.; El Ghouizi, A.; Lyoussi, B.; Falcão, S.I.; et al. Evaluation of Antioxidant and Anticancer Activity of Mono- and Polyfloral Moroccan Bee Pollen by Characterizing Phenolic and Volatile Compounds. Molecules 2023, 28, 835. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules28020835

AMA Style

Aylanc V, Larbi S, Calhelha R, Barros L, Rezouga F, Rodríguez-Flores MS, Seijo MC, El Ghouizi A, Lyoussi B, Falcão SI, et al. Evaluation of Antioxidant and Anticancer Activity of Mono- and Polyfloral Moroccan Bee Pollen by Characterizing Phenolic and Volatile Compounds. Molecules. 2023; 28(2):835. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules28020835

Chicago/Turabian Style

Aylanc, Volkan, Samar Larbi, Ricardo Calhelha, Lillian Barros, Feriel Rezouga, María Shantal Rodríguez-Flores, María Carmen Seijo, Asmae El Ghouizi, Badiaa Lyoussi, Soraia I. Falcão, and et al. 2023. "Evaluation of Antioxidant and Anticancer Activity of Mono- and Polyfloral Moroccan Bee Pollen by Characterizing Phenolic and Volatile Compounds" Molecules 28, no. 2: 835. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules28020835

APA Style

Aylanc, V., Larbi, S., Calhelha, R., Barros, L., Rezouga, F., Rodríguez-Flores, M. S., Seijo, M. C., El Ghouizi, A., Lyoussi, B., Falcão, S. I., & Vilas-Boas, M. (2023). Evaluation of Antioxidant and Anticancer Activity of Mono- and Polyfloral Moroccan Bee Pollen by Characterizing Phenolic and Volatile Compounds. Molecules, 28(2), 835. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules28020835

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