Hybrid Raman and Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy for Food Authentication Applications
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. System Validation
2.2. LIBS Measurement Results
2.3. Raman Spectroscopy Results
2.4. Classification Results
3. Discussion
4. Materials and Methods
4.1. Sample Preparation
4.2. System Description
4.3. Classification Methods
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Method | Raman (v = 600) | LIBS (v = 2000) | Fusion 1 | Fusion 2 (v = 2600) |
---|---|---|---|---|
ANOVA (n) | 200 | 200 | - | 200 |
ENET (n) | 57 | 98 | 155 | 104 |
SVM (%) | 79.67 (0.90) | 84.66 (0.42) | 90.57 (1.01) | 91.48 (0.70) |
ENET (%) | 80.42 (0.63) | 85.40 (0.55) | 90.72 (0.97) | 92.05 (0.67) |
Method |
Raman (v = 600) |
LIBS (v = 2000) | Fusion 1 |
Fusion 2 (v = 2600) |
---|---|---|---|---|
ANOVA (n) | 200 | 200 | - | 200 |
ENET (n) | 81 | 46 | 127 | 76 |
SVM (%) | 82.74 (0.64) | 85.15 (0.64) | 92.28 (0.56) | 94.20 (0.70) |
ENET (%) | 82.11 (0.94) | 85.17 (1.20) | 93.06 (0.58) | 94.34 (0.81) |
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Shin, S.; Doh, I.-J.; Okeyo, K.; Bae, E.; Robinson, J.P.; Rajwa, B. Hybrid Raman and Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy for Food Authentication Applications. Molecules 2023, 28, 6087. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules28166087
Shin S, Doh I-J, Okeyo K, Bae E, Robinson JP, Rajwa B. Hybrid Raman and Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy for Food Authentication Applications. Molecules. 2023; 28(16):6087. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules28166087
Chicago/Turabian StyleShin, Sungho, Iyll-Joon Doh, Kennedy Okeyo, Euiwon Bae, J. Paul Robinson, and Bartek Rajwa. 2023. "Hybrid Raman and Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy for Food Authentication Applications" Molecules 28, no. 16: 6087. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules28166087