Recent Trends in Graphene-Based Sorbents for LC Analysis of Food and Environmental Water Samples
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Offline Sample Preparation for Liquid Chromatography
2.1. Graphene-Based Materials as Dispersive Sorbents
2.2. Graphene-Based Materials as Coating Sorbents
2.3. Graphene-Based Materials as Packed Sorbent
2.4. Trends in Graphene-Based Offline Sample Preparation
3. Online Sample Preparation for Liquid Chromatography
4. Stationary Phase for Liquid Chromatography
4.1. Packed Columns
4.2. Monolithic Column
4.3. Open Tubular Columns
4.4. Trends Observed in Graphene-Based Stationary Phases in LC Columns
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Graphene-Based Material | Support | Modification | Techniques | Analytes | Matrix | Year | Ref. |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
GO | Fe3O4 particles | TBA | d-SPME | 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid | Environmental water, lettuce, celery, tomato, and cucumber | 2020 | [48] |
GO | Fe3O4 particle | MD and β-CD | d-SPE | Triazole, and triazine | Corn, tomato, and potato | 2021 | [49] |
GO | Fe3O4 particle | MOF/UIO-66 | d-SPE | Sunset yellow, tartrazine, allura red | Soft drinks, candies, and pastilles | 2023 | [28] |
GO | PS particle | Not modified | d-SPE | Bisphenol A, bisphenol B, bisphenol AF, tetrabromobisphenol A | Drinking water, tap water, and river water | 2022 | [27] |
GO | Ni foam | La nanoparticles | RFS-SPME | Sulfadiazine, sulfamethoxazole, sulfamethazine | Fresh egg, cow meat, chicken meat, and fish | 2022 | [50] |
GO | SS wire | GOF | SBSE | Sudan G, sudan I, sudan II, and sudan III (dyes) | Water and fruit juice | 2019 | [52] |
GO | Ni bar | Not modified | SBSE | Benzotriazole | Environmental water | 2021 | [26] |
G | Nd bar | Fe3O4-G | SBSDμE | Boscalid, chlorpyrifos, deltamethrin, dimethenamid-P, dimoxystrobin, metazachlor and tebuconazol | Water | 2019 | [25] |
GO | MIP monolith | MOF/ZIF-8 | Fiber-SPME | Sterols: progesterone, testosterone, β-sitosterol, cholesterol, and campesterol | White meat, egg yolks, and vegetables | 2019 | [30] |
GO | VP-co-EGDMA monolith | Not modified | Fiber-SPME | Phenoxyacetic acid, 4-chloro-2-methylphenoxyacetic acid, 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid, 2-nitrophenoxyacetic acid, and 4-chlorophenoxyacetic acid | Water and rice | 2019 | [29] |
GO | PP monolith | MOF/MIL-101 | HF-SPME | Diazinon and chlorpyrifos | Tomato, cucumber, and agricultural water | 2020 | [54] |
GO | Si particles | β-CD | SPE | Benzanthracene, benzofluoranthene, benzo(a)pyrene (bap), anthracene | Fried chicken | 2021 | [55] |
G | Si particles | ZIF-8 | SPE | Benzothiazoles, benzotriazoles, benzenesulfonamides. | River water, effluent wastewater, and influent wastewater | 2023 | [56] |
rGO | Not supported | Not modified | SPE | Aflatoxin B1, B2, G1, and G2 | Rice and wheat | 2019 | [57] |
rGO | Self-supported | rGO 3D structured | SPE | Diclofenac | Environmental waters | 2021 | [58] |
GO | Starch | Starch | PT-SPME | Amoxicillin, ampicillin, cloxacillin | Milk | 2019 | [14] |
GO | Si particles | Not modified | PT-SPME | Simazine, metribuzin, atrazine, ametryn, tebuthiuron, clomazone, hexazinone, acetochlor, Alachlor, metolachlor, oxyfluorfen | Candy, juice, and syrup | 2023 | [59] |
FG | Si particles | MOF/ZIF-8 | PT-SPME | 2-chlorophenol, 2,3-dichlorophenol, 2,4-dichlorophenol, 2,5-dichlorophenol, 2,6-dichlorophenol, and 2,4,6-trichlorophenol | Tap water, honey, and black tea | 2021 | [60] |
Graphene-Based Material | Support | Modification | Techniques | Analytes | Matrix | Year | Ref. |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
GO | Si particles | Not modified | IT-SPME | Benzylpenicillin, cefalexin, cefoperazone, and ceftiofur | Water | 2023 | [13] |
GO | Si particles | C18 and end-capping | IT-SPME | Xanthines: theophylline, theobromine, and caffeine | Coffee | 2020 | [64] |
GO | EDMA monolith | Not modified | IT-SPME | Sulfamethoxazole, sulfamoxole, sulfadoxine, sulfamethizole, sulfadimidine, sulfameter, sulfamethoxypyridazine, sulfisoxazole, sulfapyridine, sulfabenzamide, sulfamerazine, sulfamonomethoxine, sulfachloropyridazine, sulfaquinoxaline, sulfadimethoxine, and sulfaphenazole | Milk and muscle | 2019 | [65] |
GO | SS wire | Mesopore Si | IT-SPME | Naphthalene, acenaphthylene, acenaphthene, fluorene, phenanthrene, anthracene, fluoranthene, and pyrene | Honey | 2021 | [66] |
GO | SS tubing | IL/1-methyl imidazole | HS-SPME | Naphthalene | Honey | 2020 | [67] |
Graphene-Based Material | Support/Column Type | Surface Modification | Techniques/Separation Mode | Analytes | Matrix | Year | Ref. |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
GO | Si particles/Packed column | C18 and end-capping | OLE-LC/RP | Lecithin | Seeds | 2023 | [82] |
GP | Si particles/Packed column | Not modified | LC/HILIC | Sulfonamides | - | 2019 | [37] |
GQD | Si particle/Packed column | Octadecylamine and serine | LC/HILIC and LC/RP | Sulfonamides and nucleosides and alkylbenzenes and PAHs | - | 2022 | [84] |
GQD | Si particle/Packed column | PNIPAAm | LC/HILIC and LC/RP | Alkylbenzenes, PAHs, biphenyls, nucleosides/nucleobases, phenols, anilines, water-soluble vitamins, and amino acids | - | 2021 | [76] |
GO | Si particles/Packed column | C18 and end-capping | LC/RP | Carbofuran, clomazone, hexazinone, carbamazepine, citalopram, clomipramine, desipramine, and ochratoxin A | - | 2022 | [71] |
GO | HPMA-Cl and EDMA/Monolith | Not modified | LC/RP | CAP and CAPG | Honey and milk | 2022 | [15] |
GO | TAIC and MMA/Monolith | Not modified | LC/RP | Schizandrol A, schizandrol B, schisandra A, schisandra B, and schisandra C | Schisandra | 2022 | [38] |
GO | PDA/Monolith | Not modified | CEC | Ephedrine and pseudoephedrine | - | 2019 | [90] |
GO | MGONPs/OT | PLL | LC/RP | Casein | Milk | 2022 | [35] |
GO | MoS2/OT | Not modified | CEC | Sulfisomidine, sulfathiazole, sulfamerazine, phthalylsulfathiazole and sulfacetamide, ulfamonomethoxine and sulfachloropyridazine | Environmental water | 2020 | [109] |
G | Gold nanoparticles/OT | C3N4 | CEC | Metoprolol, bisoprolol, propranolol chlorpheniramine, and amlodipine | - | 2021 | [110] |
GO | Directly coated over fused-silica capillary wall/OT | Not modified | CEC | Nefopam, amlodipine, citalopram hydrobromide, econazole, ketoconazole, and cetirizine hydrochloride | - | 2020 | [107] |
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Borsatto, J.V.B.; Lanças, F.M. Recent Trends in Graphene-Based Sorbents for LC Analysis of Food and Environmental Water Samples. Molecules 2023, 28, 5134. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules28135134
Borsatto JVB, Lanças FM. Recent Trends in Graphene-Based Sorbents for LC Analysis of Food and Environmental Water Samples. Molecules. 2023; 28(13):5134. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules28135134
Chicago/Turabian StyleBorsatto, João V. B., and Fernando M. Lanças. 2023. "Recent Trends in Graphene-Based Sorbents for LC Analysis of Food and Environmental Water Samples" Molecules 28, no. 13: 5134. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules28135134