Comparative Study of Polymer-Grafted BaTiO3 Nanoparticles Synthesized Using Normal ATRP as Well as ATRP and ARGET-ATRP with Sacrificial Initiator with a Focus on Controlling the Polymer Graft Density and Molecular Weight
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results and Discussion
Effect of Reaction Times on ATRP-Synthesized Polymer-Grafted Nanoparticles
3. Materials and Methods
3.1. Synthesis of Core–Shell Nanoparticles
3.1.1. Surface-Initiated Atomic Transfer Radical Polymerization (ATRP)
3.1.2. Activator Regeneration via Electron Transfer (ARGET) ATRP with Sacrificial Initiator for Synthesis of PS- and PMMA-Grafted BaTiO3 Nanoparticles
3.2. Characterization of Polymer-Grafted BaTiO3 Nanoparticles
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Samples (Polymerization Time) | TGA Char Yield of PGNPs, (%) | (Char Yield of BT NPs—Char Yield of PGNPs) (%) | Mn (g/mol) a | Mw (g/mol) a | Dispersity a | Graft Density (chain/nm2) | Degree of Polymerization (DP) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
PS-g-BaTiO3 ATRP (24 h) | 72 | 23.3 | 52,200 | 83.900 | 1.609 | 0.120 | 502 |
PS-g-BaTiO3 ATRP (12 h) | 85 | 10.6 | 20,600 | 31,100 | 1.514 | 0.122 | 198 |
PS-g-BaTiO3 ATRP (EBIB) (12 h) | 88.8 | 7.2 | 20,020 | 30,400 | 1.522 | 0.081 | 192 |
PS-g-BaTiO3 ARGET (EBIB) (12 h) | 88.4 | 7.4 | 30,090 | 37,870 | 1.259 | 0.067 | 289 |
PMMA-g-BaTiO3 ATRP (24 h) | 68.8 | 20.2 | 152,800 | 230,000 | 1.505 | 0.039 | 1528 |
PMMA-g-BaTiO3 ATRP (12 h) | 89 | 5.0 | 73,800 | 115,800 | 1.568 | 0.015 | 738 |
PMMA-g-BaTiO3 ATRP (EBIB) (12 h) | 85.6 | 10.4 | 29,390 | 52,080 | 1.775 | 0.071 | 294 |
PMMA-g-BaTiO3 ARGET (EBIB) (12 h) | 88.2 | 7.6 | 35,320 | 44,620 | 1.263 | 0.059 | 353 |
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Apata, I.E.; Tawade, B.V.; Cummings, S.P.; Pradhan, N.; Karim, A.; Raghavan, D. Comparative Study of Polymer-Grafted BaTiO3 Nanoparticles Synthesized Using Normal ATRP as Well as ATRP and ARGET-ATRP with Sacrificial Initiator with a Focus on Controlling the Polymer Graft Density and Molecular Weight. Molecules 2023, 28, 4444. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules28114444
Apata IE, Tawade BV, Cummings SP, Pradhan N, Karim A, Raghavan D. Comparative Study of Polymer-Grafted BaTiO3 Nanoparticles Synthesized Using Normal ATRP as Well as ATRP and ARGET-ATRP with Sacrificial Initiator with a Focus on Controlling the Polymer Graft Density and Molecular Weight. Molecules. 2023; 28(11):4444. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules28114444
Chicago/Turabian StyleApata, Ikeoluwa E., Bhausaheb V. Tawade, Steven P. Cummings, Nihar Pradhan, Alamgir Karim, and Dharmaraj Raghavan. 2023. "Comparative Study of Polymer-Grafted BaTiO3 Nanoparticles Synthesized Using Normal ATRP as Well as ATRP and ARGET-ATRP with Sacrificial Initiator with a Focus on Controlling the Polymer Graft Density and Molecular Weight" Molecules 28, no. 11: 4444. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules28114444