Exploitation of Sugarcane Bagasse and Environmentally Sustainable Production, Purification, Characterization, and Application of Lovastatin by Aspergillus terreus AUMC 15760 under Solid-State Conditions
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. Morphological and Molecular Identification of the Strains of Aspergillus terreus
2.2. Screening Activity of Lovastatin Production by Strains of A. terreus Using Wheat Bran in SSF
2.3. GC-MS Detection of Lovastatin
2.4. Lovastatin Production by A. terreus AUMC 15760 from Different Lignocellulosic Wastes
2.5. Optimization of Lovastatin Production by A. terreus AUMC 15760
2.6. HPLC Analysis of Methanolic Extracts
2.7. Production and Purification of Lovastatin by Column Chromatography
2.8. LC-MS/MS and HR-ESI-MS Analysis
2.9. NMR
2.10. Antioxidant Activity of the Pure Lovastatin Produced by A. terreus AUMC 15760
2.11. Antimicrobial Ability of the Purified Lovastatin Produced by A. terreus AUMC 15760
3. Discussion
4. Materials and Methods
4.1. Chemicals and Materials
4.2. Strain Isolation and Preservation
4.3. Morphological and Molecular Identification of the Aspergillus terreus Strains
4.4. Screening of Lovastatin Production by Strains of A. terreus under SSF
Extraction of Lovastatin
4.5. GC-MS Analysis
4.6. Lovastatin Production by A. terreus AUMC 15760 from Different Lignocellulosic Wastes
4.7. Optimization of Lovastatin Production by A. terreus AUMC 15760 from Sugarcane Bagasse
4.8. HPLC Assay of the Produced Lovastatin by A. terreus AUMC 15760
4.9. Production of Lovastatin from Sugarcane Bagasse by A. terreus AUMC 15760 in SSF
4.10. Purification of Lovastatin
4.11. LC-MS/MS Analysis
4.12. Spectroscopic NMR
4.13. Thin Layer Chromatograph (TLC)
4.14. DPPH Radical Scavenging Activity
4.15. Antimicrobial Activity of Lovastatin Produced by A. terreus AUMC 15760
4.16. Statistical Analysis
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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No | δH, (J in Hz) | δC, Type | No | δH, (J in Hz) | δC, Type |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 5.39, 1H, m | 69.5 d | 13 | 4.64, 1H, m | 78.0 d |
2a | 1.98, 1H, m | 33.6 t | 14a | 1.95, 1H, m | 36.6 t |
2b | 1.82, 1H, m | 14b | 1.79, 1H, m | ||
3 | 2.45, 1H, m | 28.8 d | 15 | 4.26, 1H, m | 63.3 d |
4 | 5.52, 1H, br.t (2.8) | 130.3 d | 16a | 2.73, 1H, dd (4.8, 16.8) | 39.1 t |
5 | - | 129.5 s | 16b | 2.56, 1H, ddd (1.6, 4.8, 16.8) | |
6 | 6.00, 1H, d (9.6) | 129.8 d | 17 | - | 173.4 s |
7 | 5.80, 1H, dd (6.0, 9.6) | 133.9 d | 18 | 0.94, 3H, d (7.2) | 14.1 q |
8 | 2.42, 1H, m | 31.9 d | 19 | 1.10, 3H, d (7.2) | 23.3 q |
9 | 1.75, 1H, m | 37.9 d | 1′ | - | 178.2 s |
10 | 2.38, 1H, dd (6.8, 7.2) | 38.5 d | 2′ | 2.36, 1H, m | 42.8 d |
11a | 1.52, 1H, m | 25.1 t | 3a′ | 1.68, 1H, m | 27.9 t |
11b | 1.45, 1H, m | 3b′ | 1.50, 1H, m | ||
12a | 1.91, 1H, m | 34.0 t | 4′ | 0.93, 3H, dd (2.0, 7.2) | 12.1 q |
12b | 1.37, 1H, m | 5′ | 1.12, 3H, d (7.2) | 16.6 q |
Tested Organisms | Purified Lovastatin (mg/mL) | NS (50 mcg) | P/T (110 µg) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
5 | 2.5 | 1.25 | 0.62 | 0.31 | |||
C. albicans | 10.5 ± 0.2 c | 9.2 ± 0.2 e | 0 g | 0 g | 0 g | 21.0 ± 1.6 b | - |
C. glabrata | 8.7 ± 0.4 d | 0 g | 0 g | 0 g | 0 g | 22.43 ± 1.2 a | - |
C. krusei | 0 f | 0 f | 0 f | 0 g | 0 g | 16.2 ± 0.8 d | - |
E. coli | 0 f | 0 f | 0 f | 0 f | 0 f | - | 15.3 ± 0.2 e |
S. aureus | 20.3 ± 0.6 c | 15.6 ± 0.2 e | 11.5 ± 0.7 h | 0 f | 0 f | - | 18.0 ± 0.3 a |
S. epidermidis | 19.4 ± 0.5 e | 15.3 ± 0.1 d | 11.4 ± 0.4 f | 0 f | 0 f | - | 15.36 ± 0.4 b |
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Ramadan, A.M.A.A.; Shehata, R.M.; EL-Sheikh, H.H.; Ameen, F.; Stephenson, S.L.; Zidan, S.A.H.; Al-Bedak, O.A.M. Exploitation of Sugarcane Bagasse and Environmentally Sustainable Production, Purification, Characterization, and Application of Lovastatin by Aspergillus terreus AUMC 15760 under Solid-State Conditions. Molecules 2023, 28, 4048. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules28104048
Ramadan AMAA, Shehata RM, EL-Sheikh HH, Ameen F, Stephenson SL, Zidan SAH, Al-Bedak OAM. Exploitation of Sugarcane Bagasse and Environmentally Sustainable Production, Purification, Characterization, and Application of Lovastatin by Aspergillus terreus AUMC 15760 under Solid-State Conditions. Molecules. 2023; 28(10):4048. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules28104048
Chicago/Turabian StyleRamadan, Ahmed M. A. A., Reda M. Shehata, Hussein H. EL-Sheikh, Fuad Ameen, Steven L. Stephenson, Sabry A. H. Zidan, and Osama A. M. Al-Bedak. 2023. "Exploitation of Sugarcane Bagasse and Environmentally Sustainable Production, Purification, Characterization, and Application of Lovastatin by Aspergillus terreus AUMC 15760 under Solid-State Conditions" Molecules 28, no. 10: 4048. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules28104048