Lactiplantibacillus plantarum NKK20 Alleviates High-Fat-Diet-Induced Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Mice through Regulating Bile Acid Anabolism
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. Influence of NKK20 on Body Weight and Blood Lipids in NAFLD Mice
2.2. Influence of NKK20 on Splenic/Hepatic Inflammatory Factors and Hepatic Cholesterol-Metabolizing Enzymes’ Expression and Intestinal Microbiota in NAFLD Mice
2.3. Influence of NKK20 on Liver Tissue in NAFLD Mice
2.4. Results of 16S rRNA Sequencing of Mouse Colon Contents
2.5. Effect of NKK20 on Metabolomics in Colon Contents
2.6. NKK20 Significantly Affected Bile Acid Metabolism in Mice
3. Discussion
4. Materials and Methods
4.1. NKK20 Preparation
4.2. Animals Diet and Treatment
4.3. Plasma Parameters
4.4. RNA Extraction and qPCR Assay
4.5. Liver Histopathological Observation
4.6. Analysis of Intestinal Flora of Mice
4.7. Untargeted/Targeted Metabolomics Analysis
4.8. Liver Bile Acid of Mice Was Detected by UPLC-MS/MS
4.9. Statistical Analysis
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
Sample Availability
References
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Metabolites | Related Metabolic Pathways | m/z | Retention Time (min) | VIP | p Value | Change Trend |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Cholic acid glucuronide | Bile acid biosynthesis | 619.2886636 | 4.50925 | 1.48 | 0.010 | ↑ |
Asparaginyl-Aspartate | Amino acid metabolism | 493.1515701 | 13.59033333 | 1.42 | 0.010 | ↑ |
Tyrosine | Amino acid metabolism | 180.066612 | 1.814466667 | 1.40 | 0.010 | ↑ |
20-trihydroxy-leukotriene-B4 | Steroid metabolism | 365.1966849 | 4.9492 | 1.391 | 0.000 | ↑ |
Enkephalin L | Steroid metabolism | 554.2620907 | 22.95986667 | 1.37 | 0.000 | ↑ |
9′-Carboxy-gamma-chromanol | Bile acid biosynthesis | 397.2362352 | 16.50585 | 1.16 | 0.001 | ↓ |
Prostaglandin B2 | Arachidonic acid metabolism | 461.1969152 | 4.7223 | 1.15 | 0.001 | ↑ |
Hyocholic acid | Bile acid biosynthesis | 389.2697488 | 5.430083333 | 1.14 | 0.001 | ↓ |
5b-Cholestane-3a,7a,12a,24,25-pentol | Bile acid biosynthesis | 433.3323119 | 8.048866667 | 1.15 | 0.024 | ↓ |
Bisnorcholic acid | Bile acid biosynthesis | 361.2387639 | 5.869866667 | 1.22 | 0.000 | ↓ |
3-Sulfodeoxycholic acid | Bile acid biosynthesis | 439.2160426 | 7.62975 | 1.17 | 0.000 | ↓ |
Components | Normal Diet (kcal/gm) | High-Fat Diet (kcal/gm) |
---|---|---|
Casein | 800/200 | 800/200 |
L-Cystine | 12/3 | 12/3 |
Corn Starch | 2024.8/506.2 | 0/0 |
Maltodextrin | 500/125 | 500/125 |
Sucrose | 275/68.8 | 275/68.8 |
Cellulose | 0/50 | 0/50 |
Soybean Oil | 225/25 | 225/25 |
Lard | 180/20 | 2205/245 |
Mineral Mix | 0/10 | 0/10 |
DiCalcium Phosphate | 0/13 | 0/13 |
Calcium Carbonate | 0/5.5 | 0/5.5 |
Potassium Citrate | 0/16.5 | 0/16.5 |
Vitamin Mix | 40/10 | 40/10 |
Choline Bitartrate | 0/2 | 0/2 |
Total kcal/g | 4056.8 kcal/1055 gm = 3.84 | 4057 kcal/773.8 gm = 5.24 |
Nutrient composition | Energy supply ratio | |
Protein | 20% | 20% |
Carbohydrate | 70% | 20% |
Fat | 10% | 60% |
Genes | Primers Sequences (5′→3′) |
---|---|
β-actin | F: AAGCTGTGCTATGTTGCTCTA |
R: GTTTCATGGATGCCACAGGA | |
TNF-α | F: AACTCCAGGCGGTGCCTATG R: TCCAGCTGCTCCTCCACTTG |
IL-1β | F: CCTGTCCTGCGTGTTGAAAGA R: GGGAACTGGGCAGACTCAAA |
IL-4 | F: CCATATCCACGGATGCGACA R: AAGCACCTTGGAAGCCCTAC |
IL-10 | F: GAAGCTCCCTCAGCGAGGACA R: TTGGGCCAGTGAGTGAAAGGG |
CYP7A1 | F: CCGATGGATGGAAATACCAC R: GGCAGCGGTCTTTGAGTTAG |
ASBT | F: TACGGTAGCAGGGGTTTACG R: TGCAAAATGGAACAAAACCA |
LDLR | F: GAATTTGGCCAGACACAGGT R: CACCGTACCCAGCTGATTTT |
HMGR | F: GTCATTCCAGCCAAGGTTGT R: GGGACCACTTGCTTCCATTA |
TGF-β1 | F: GTCAGACATTCGGGAAGCAG |
R: GCGTATCAGTGGGGGTCA | |
CTGF | F: CAACCGCAAGATTGGAGTGT |
R: CTCCAGTCTGCAGAAGGTATTG |
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Sun, C.; Qiu, C.; Zhang, Y.; Yan, M.; Tan, J.; He, J.; Yang, D.; Wang, D.; Wu, L. Lactiplantibacillus plantarum NKK20 Alleviates High-Fat-Diet-Induced Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Mice through Regulating Bile Acid Anabolism. Molecules 2023, 28, 4042. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules28104042
Sun C, Qiu C, Zhang Y, Yan M, Tan J, He J, Yang D, Wang D, Wu L. Lactiplantibacillus plantarum NKK20 Alleviates High-Fat-Diet-Induced Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Mice through Regulating Bile Acid Anabolism. Molecules. 2023; 28(10):4042. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules28104042
Chicago/Turabian StyleSun, Chang, Chenguang Qiu, Yanyan Zhang, Man Yan, Jiajun Tan, Jiayuan He, Dakai Yang, Dongxu Wang, and Liang Wu. 2023. "Lactiplantibacillus plantarum NKK20 Alleviates High-Fat-Diet-Induced Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Mice through Regulating Bile Acid Anabolism" Molecules 28, no. 10: 4042. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules28104042