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Article

Phenolic and Volatile Composition and Antioxidant Properties of the Leaf Extract of Brassica fruticulosa subsp. fruticulosa (Brassicaceae) Growing Wild in Sicily (Italy)

by
Emilia Cavò
1,
Maria Fernanda Taviano
1,*,
Federica Davì
1,2,
Francesco Cacciola
3,
Yassine Oulad El Majdoub
1,
Luigi Mondello
1,4,5,
Monica Ragusa
6,
Concetta Condurso
7,
Maria Merlino
7,
Antonella Verzera
7 and
Natalizia Miceli
1
1
Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno d’Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy
2
Foundation “Prof. Antonio Imbesi”, University of Messina, Piazza Pugliatti 1, 98122 Messina, Italy
3
Department of Biomedical, Dental, Morphological and Functional Imaging Sciences, University of Messina, Via Consolare Valeria, 98125 Messina, Italy
4
Chromaleont s.r.l., c/o Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Palatucci, 98168 Messina, Italy
5
Department of Sciences and Technologies for Human and Environment, University Campus Bio-Medico of Rome, Via Àlvaro del Portillo 21, 00128 Rome, Italy
6
Complex Structure of Surgical Sciences and Technologies, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Via di Barbiano 1/10, 40136 Bologna, Italy
7
Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Palatucci, 98168 Messina, Italy
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Molecules 2022, 27(9), 2768; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules27092768
Submission received: 6 April 2022 / Revised: 21 April 2022 / Accepted: 22 April 2022 / Published: 26 April 2022
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Natural Products: From Isolation and Identification to Biological Activity—Second Edition)
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Abstract

In continuation of research conducted on species of the spontaneous flora of Sicily (Italy) belonging to the Brassicaceae family, Brassica fruticulosa subsp. fruticulosa was selected. It is an edible species utilized in Sicilian traditional medicine. In this study, for the first time, the phenolic and the volatile compounds and the antioxidant properties of the hydroalcoholic extract obtained from the leaves of B. fruticulosa subsp. fruticulosa were characterized. Through HPLC-PDA/ESI-MS analysis, a total of 22 polyphenolic compounds (20 flavonoids and 2 phenolic acids) were identified, with 3-hydroxiferuloylsophoroside-7-O-glucoside (1.30 mg/g ± 0.01) and kaempferol-3-O-feruloylsophoroside-7-O-glucoside (1.28 mg/g ± 0.01) as the most abundant compounds. Through SPME-GC/MS several volatiles belonging to different chemical classes were characterized, with nitriles and aldehydes accounting for more than 54% of the whole volatile fraction. The extract of B. fruticulosa subsp. fruticulosa showed moderate activity in the DPPH assay (IC50 = 1.65 ± 0.08 mg/mL), weak reducing power (17.47 ± 0.65 ASE/mL), and good chelating properties (IC50 = 0.38 ± 0.02 mg/mL), reaching approximately 90% activity at the highest tested concentration. Lastly, the extract was non-toxic against Artemia salina, indicating its potential safety. According to the findings, it can be stated that B. fruticulosa subsp. fruticulosa represents a new valuable source of bioactive compounds.
Keywords: Brassica fruticulosa subsp. fruticulosa; edible plant; phenolic compounds; volatile compounds; antioxidant activity; Artemia salina Leach Brassica fruticulosa subsp. fruticulosa; edible plant; phenolic compounds; volatile compounds; antioxidant activity; Artemia salina Leach

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MDPI and ACS Style

Cavò, E.; Taviano, M.F.; Davì, F.; Cacciola, F.; Oulad El Majdoub, Y.; Mondello, L.; Ragusa, M.; Condurso, C.; Merlino, M.; Verzera, A.; et al. Phenolic and Volatile Composition and Antioxidant Properties of the Leaf Extract of Brassica fruticulosa subsp. fruticulosa (Brassicaceae) Growing Wild in Sicily (Italy). Molecules 2022, 27, 2768. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules27092768

AMA Style

Cavò E, Taviano MF, Davì F, Cacciola F, Oulad El Majdoub Y, Mondello L, Ragusa M, Condurso C, Merlino M, Verzera A, et al. Phenolic and Volatile Composition and Antioxidant Properties of the Leaf Extract of Brassica fruticulosa subsp. fruticulosa (Brassicaceae) Growing Wild in Sicily (Italy). Molecules. 2022; 27(9):2768. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules27092768

Chicago/Turabian Style

Cavò, Emilia, Maria Fernanda Taviano, Federica Davì, Francesco Cacciola, Yassine Oulad El Majdoub, Luigi Mondello, Monica Ragusa, Concetta Condurso, Maria Merlino, Antonella Verzera, and et al. 2022. "Phenolic and Volatile Composition and Antioxidant Properties of the Leaf Extract of Brassica fruticulosa subsp. fruticulosa (Brassicaceae) Growing Wild in Sicily (Italy)" Molecules 27, no. 9: 2768. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules27092768

APA Style

Cavò, E., Taviano, M. F., Davì, F., Cacciola, F., Oulad El Majdoub, Y., Mondello, L., Ragusa, M., Condurso, C., Merlino, M., Verzera, A., & Miceli, N. (2022). Phenolic and Volatile Composition and Antioxidant Properties of the Leaf Extract of Brassica fruticulosa subsp. fruticulosa (Brassicaceae) Growing Wild in Sicily (Italy). Molecules, 27(9), 2768. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules27092768

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