Secondary Metabolites, including a New 5,6-Dihydropyran-2-One, Produced by the Fungus Diplodia corticola. Aphicidal Activity of the Main Metabolite, Sphaeropsidin A
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. Secondary Metabolites from Cultures of Diplodia corticola B305
2.2. Oral Toxicity of Sphaeropsidin A on Acyrthosiphon pisum
3. Discussion
4. Materials and Methods
4.1. General Experimental Procedures
4.2. Fungal Strain and Cultures Production
4.3. Extraction and Purification Processes of Metabolites 1–11
4.4. Insects Rearing and Oral Toxicity Bioassay
4.5. Statistical Analysis
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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No. | δC | δH (J in Hz) | HMBC |
---|---|---|---|
1 | - | - | |
2 | 162.8 | - | |
3 | 122.9 | 6.17 (1H) br d (9.8) | C-2, C-5 |
4 | 144.3 | 7.03 (1H) dd (9.8, 5.4) | C-2, C-5, C-6 |
5 | 63.2 | 4.28 (1H) dd (5.4, 3.3) | C-3, C-4, C-6 |
6 | 76.9 | 5.40 (1H) dd (7.9, 3.3) | C-7, C-8 |
7 | 127.2 | 5.93 (1H) ddd (11.7, 7.9, 1.1) | C-9 |
8 | 132.4 | 5.63 (1H) ddd (11.7, 6.7, 1.1) | C-6, C-9, C-10 |
9 | 55.5 | 3.34 (1H) dd (6.7, 2.1) | C-8, C-7, C-10 |
10 | 56.7 | 3.00 (1H) dq (5.2, 2.1) | C-11 |
11 | 17.5 | 1.40 (3H) d (5.2) | C-9, C-8 |
Code | Name | Source | Ref. |
---|---|---|---|
2 | Sphaeropsidin A | D. corticola, D. sapinea, D. africana, D. quercivora | [3,10,34,35,36,37] |
3 | Sphaeropsidin B | D. corticola, D. sapinea | [10,34,37] |
4 | Sphaeropsidin C | D. corticola, D. sapinea, D. quercivora | [10,34,36,37] |
5 | (R)-mellein | D. africana, D. fraxini, D. mutila, D. seriata, D. sapinea | [3,4,21,38] |
6 | (3R,4R)-4-hydroxymellein | D. corticola, D. africana, D. sapinea | [3,10,21] |
7 | (3S,4R)-4-hydroxymellein | D. corticola, D. africana, D. sapinea | [3,10,21] |
8 | Sapinofuranone B | D. corticola | [10] |
9 | Pinofuranoxin A | D. sapinea | [23] |
10 | Diplobifuranylone B | D. corticola | [10] |
11 | Tyrosol | D. fraxini, D. mutila | [4,38] |
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Salvatore, M.M.; Di Lelio, I.; DellaGreca, M.; Nicoletti, R.; Salvatore, F.; Russo, E.; Volpe, G.; Becchimanzi, A.; Mahamedi, A.E.; Berraf-Tebbal, A.; et al. Secondary Metabolites, including a New 5,6-Dihydropyran-2-One, Produced by the Fungus Diplodia corticola. Aphicidal Activity of the Main Metabolite, Sphaeropsidin A. Molecules 2022, 27, 2327. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules27072327
Salvatore MM, Di Lelio I, DellaGreca M, Nicoletti R, Salvatore F, Russo E, Volpe G, Becchimanzi A, Mahamedi AE, Berraf-Tebbal A, et al. Secondary Metabolites, including a New 5,6-Dihydropyran-2-One, Produced by the Fungus Diplodia corticola. Aphicidal Activity of the Main Metabolite, Sphaeropsidin A. Molecules. 2022; 27(7):2327. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules27072327
Chicago/Turabian StyleSalvatore, Maria Michela, Ilaria Di Lelio, Marina DellaGreca, Rosario Nicoletti, Francesco Salvatore, Elia Russo, Gennaro Volpe, Andrea Becchimanzi, Alla Eddine Mahamedi, Akila Berraf-Tebbal, and et al. 2022. "Secondary Metabolites, including a New 5,6-Dihydropyran-2-One, Produced by the Fungus Diplodia corticola. Aphicidal Activity of the Main Metabolite, Sphaeropsidin A" Molecules 27, no. 7: 2327. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules27072327