Synthesis and Anti-Trypanosoma cruzi Biological Evaluation of Novel 2-Nitropyrrole Derivatives
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results and Discussion
2.1. Chemistry
2.2. Biological Evaluation
2.2.1. Cytotoxicity and anti-T. cruzi Biological Evaluation
2.2.2. In Silico ADME Properties
3. Materials and Methods
3.1. Chemistry
3.1.1. Generality
3.1.2. Synthesis of Ethyl 2-(2-nitro-1H-pyrrol-1-yl)acetate (2)
3.1.3. General Procedure for the Synthesis of Bromoacetamide Intermediate Derivatives
- N-Benzyl-2-bromoacetamide (5) [24]
- 2-Bromo-N-[3-(trifluoromethyl)benzyl]acetamide (7) [27]
- 2-Bromo-N-(4-bromophenyl)acetamide (8) [29]
- 2-Bromo-N-(2-chlorophenyl)acetamide (9)
- 2-Bromo-N-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]acetamide (10) [28]
- 2-Bromo-N-(3-methoxyphenyl)acetamide (11) [30]
- 2-Bromo-N-isopropylacetamide (12) [31]
- 2-Bromo-N-cyclopentylacetamide (13) [31]
- 2-Bromo-N-(2-bromo-5-fluorophenyl)acetamide (14)
3.1.4. General Procedure for the Synthesis of 2-Nitropyrrole Derivatives
- N-Benzyl-2-(2-nitro-1H-pyrrol-1-yl)acetamide (3)
- 2-(2-Nitro-1H-pyrrol-1-yl)-N-phenylacetamide (4)
- 2-(2-Nitro-1H-pyrrol-1-yl)-N-[3-(trifluoromethyl)benzyl]acetamide (15)
- N-(4-Bromophenyl)-2-(2-nitro-1H-pyrrol-1-yl)acetamide (16)
- N-(2-Chlorophenyl)-2-(2-nitro-1H-pyrrol-1-yl)acetamide (17)
- 2-(2-Nitro-1H-pyrrol-1-yl)-N-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]acetamide (18)
- N-(3-Methoxyphenyl)-2-(2-nitro-1H-pyrrol-1-yl)acetamide (19)
- N-Isopropyl-2-(2-nitro-1H-pyrrol-1-yl)acetamide (20)
- N-Cyclopentyl-2-(2-nitro-1H-pyrrol-1-yl)acetamide (21)
- N-(2-Bromo-5-fluorophenyl)-2-(2-nitro-1H-pyrrol-1-yl)acetamide (22)
3.1.5. Crystal Data for 2-Nitropyrrole Starting Product 1
3.2. Toxicology
3.3. T. cruzi Intracellular Assay
4. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Entry | Amine | Base | Temp (°C) | Time (h) | Solvent | 2 (%) | 3 (%) | 4 (%) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Benzylamine | K2CO3 | 50 | 24 | EtOH | 0 | 0 | - |
2 | Benzylamine | - | 50 | 48 | EtOH | 100 | 0 | - |
3 | Phenylamine | - | 80 | 48 | EtOH | 100 | - | 0 |
4 a | Phenylamine | NaH | rt | 24 | DMSO | 0 | - | 0 |
5 b | Phenylamine | DMAP | 150 | 1 | Toluene | 0 | - | 0 |
Compound | Structure | Yield (%) |
---|---|---|
5 | 82 | |
6 | 99 | |
7 | 18 | |
8 | 91 | |
9 | 44 | |
10 | 48 | |
11 | 46 | |
12 | 25 | |
13 | 87 | |
14 | 25 |
Compound | Structure | Yield (%) |
---|---|---|
3 | 73 | |
4 | 78 | |
15 | 60 | |
16 | 86 | |
17 | 96 | |
18 | 81 | |
19 | 88 | |
20 | 30 | |
21 | 59 | |
22 | 77 |
Compound | Activity | Toxicity | |
---|---|---|---|
EC50 T. cruzi (µM) a | Vero cells EC50 (µM) | CC50 CHO (µM) b | |
3 | 34.5 ± 21.9 | 42 ± 11.3 | 24.2 ± 1.2 |
4 | 6.0 | 14.0 | 262.1 ± 3.9 |
15 | 41.0 ± 12.7 | 43 ± 9.9 | 184.9 ± 5.1 |
16 | 6.5 ± 0.6 | 14.5 ± 0.7 | 173.0 ± 4.6 |
17 | 50.0 | >50 | 198.3 ± 5.7 |
18 | 3.6 ± 1.8 | >50 | 155.6 ± 2.9 |
19 | 50.0 | >50 | 260.1 ± 6.3 |
20 | - | - | 321.1 ± 5.3 |
21 | - | - | 303.3 ± 6.1 |
22 | - | - | 188.2 ± 4.4 |
Doxorubicin | - | - | 4.6 ± 0.08 |
Nifurtimox | 2.1 ± 0.2 | - | - |
Compound | XlogP (o/w) | Mol. Wt. (g·mol−1) | HBA | HDA | nrotb | TPSA (Å2) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
3 | 1.51 | 259.26 | 6 | 1 | 5 | 79.86 |
4 | 1.81 | 245.24 | 6 | 1 | 4 | 79.86 |
15 | 2.38 | 327.26 | 6 | 1 | 6 | 79.86 |
16 | 2.62 | 324.13 | 6 | 1 | 4 | 79.86 |
17 | 2.44 | 279.68 | 6 | 1 | 4 | 79.86 |
18 | 2.65 | 313.24 | 6 | 1 | 5 | 79.86 |
19 | 1.84 | 275.26 | 7 | 1 | 5 | 89.09 |
20 | 0.78 | 211.22 | 6 | 1 | 4 | 79.86 |
21 | 1.51 | 237.26 | 6 | 1 | 4 | 79.86 |
22 | 2.71 | 342.12 | 6 | 1 | 4 | 79.86 |
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Mathias, F.; Kabri, Y.; Brun, D.; Primas, N.; Di Giorgio, C.; Vanelle, P. Synthesis and Anti-Trypanosoma cruzi Biological Evaluation of Novel 2-Nitropyrrole Derivatives. Molecules 2022, 27, 2163. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules27072163
Mathias F, Kabri Y, Brun D, Primas N, Di Giorgio C, Vanelle P. Synthesis and Anti-Trypanosoma cruzi Biological Evaluation of Novel 2-Nitropyrrole Derivatives. Molecules. 2022; 27(7):2163. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules27072163
Chicago/Turabian StyleMathias, Fanny, Youssef Kabri, Damien Brun, Nicolas Primas, Carole Di Giorgio, and Patrice Vanelle. 2022. "Synthesis and Anti-Trypanosoma cruzi Biological Evaluation of Novel 2-Nitropyrrole Derivatives" Molecules 27, no. 7: 2163. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules27072163