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Article

Novel Pectic Polysaccharides Isolated from Immature Honey Pomelo Fruit with High Immunomodulatory Activity

by
Tao Hou
1,†,
Shenglan Guo
2,†,
Zhuokun Liu
1,
Hongyu Lin
1,
Yu Song
1,
Qiqi Li
3,
Xin Mao
3,
Wencan Wang
3,
Yong Cao
1,* and
Guo Liu
1,*
1
Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods, College of Food Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
2
Guangzhou Shuke Industrial Co., Ltd., Guangzhou 510642, China
3
Chongqing Sweet Pet Products Co., Ltd., Chongqing 402160, China
*
Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.
†
These authors contributed equally to this work.
Molecules 2022, 27(23), 8573; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules27238573
Submission received: 1 November 2022 / Revised: 23 November 2022 / Accepted: 23 November 2022 / Published: 5 December 2022
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Bioactive Compounds from Natural Sources: Discovery, Evaluation and Applications)
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Abstract

A novel pectic polysaccharide (HPP-1) with high immunomodulatory activity was extracted and isolated from the immature honey pomelo fruit (Citrus grandis). Characterization of its chemical structure indicated that HPP-1 had a molecular weight of 59,024 D. In addition, HPP-1 was primarily composed of rhamnose, arabinose, fucose, mannose, and galactose at a molar ratio of 1.00:11.12:2.26:0.56:6.40. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, periodic acid oxidation, and Smith degradation results showed that HPP-1 had α- and β-glycosidic linkages and 1 → 2, 1 → 4, 1 → 6, and 1 → 3 glycosidic bonds. 13C NMR and 1H NMR analyses revealed that the main glycogroups included 1,4-D-GalA, 1,6-β-D-Gal, 1,6-β-D-Man, 1,3-α-L-Ara, and 1,2-α-L-Rha. Immunomodulatory bioactivity analysis using a macrophage RAW264.7 model in vitro revealed that NO, TNF-α, and IL-6 secretions were all considerably increased by HPP-1. Moreover, RT-PCR results showed that HPP-1-induced iNOS, TNF-α, and IL-6 expression was significantly increased in macrophages. HPP-1-mediated activation in macrophages was due to the stimulation of the NF-κB and MAPK signaling pathways based on western blot analyses. HPP-1 extracted from immature honey pomelo fruit has potential applications as an immunomodulatory supplement.
Keywords: immature honey pomelo fruit; pectic polysaccharides; structural characterization; immunomodulatory activity and mechanism immature honey pomelo fruit; pectic polysaccharides; structural characterization; immunomodulatory activity and mechanism

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MDPI and ACS Style

Hou, T.; Guo, S.; Liu, Z.; Lin, H.; Song, Y.; Li, Q.; Mao, X.; Wang, W.; Cao, Y.; Liu, G. Novel Pectic Polysaccharides Isolated from Immature Honey Pomelo Fruit with High Immunomodulatory Activity. Molecules 2022, 27, 8573. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules27238573

AMA Style

Hou T, Guo S, Liu Z, Lin H, Song Y, Li Q, Mao X, Wang W, Cao Y, Liu G. Novel Pectic Polysaccharides Isolated from Immature Honey Pomelo Fruit with High Immunomodulatory Activity. Molecules. 2022; 27(23):8573. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules27238573

Chicago/Turabian Style

Hou, Tao, Shenglan Guo, Zhuokun Liu, Hongyu Lin, Yu Song, Qiqi Li, Xin Mao, Wencan Wang, Yong Cao, and Guo Liu. 2022. "Novel Pectic Polysaccharides Isolated from Immature Honey Pomelo Fruit with High Immunomodulatory Activity" Molecules 27, no. 23: 8573. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules27238573

APA Style

Hou, T., Guo, S., Liu, Z., Lin, H., Song, Y., Li, Q., Mao, X., Wang, W., Cao, Y., & Liu, G. (2022). Novel Pectic Polysaccharides Isolated from Immature Honey Pomelo Fruit with High Immunomodulatory Activity. Molecules, 27(23), 8573. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules27238573

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