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Article

In Vitro and In Vivo Anti-Arthritic Potential of Caralluma tuberculata N. E. Brown. and Its Chemical Characterization

by
Nida Iftikhar
1,
Ammara Saleem
1,*,
Muhammad Furqan Akhtar
2,*,
Ghulam Abbas
3,
Shahid Shah
4,
Shabana Bibi
5,6,
Ghulam Md Ashraf
7,8,
Badrah S. Alghamdi
7,9 and
Turki S. Abujamel
8,10
1
Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
2
Riphah Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Riphah International University, Lahore Campus, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
3
Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
4
Department of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
5
Department of Biosciences, Shifa Tameer-e-Millat University, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
6
Yunnan Herbal Laboratory, College of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China
7
Pre-Clinical Research Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
8
Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
9
Neuroscience Unit, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
10
Vaccines and Immunotherapy Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
*
Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Molecules 2022, 27(19), 6323; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules27196323
Submission received: 20 July 2022 / Revised: 17 August 2022 / Accepted: 22 August 2022 / Published: 26 September 2022
(This article belongs to the Section Natural Products Chemistry)
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Abstract

Present research was planned to assess the in vitro and in vivo anti-arthritic potential of Caralluma tuberculata N. E. Brown. methanolic (CTME) and aqueous (CTAQ) extracts. Chemical characterization was done by high-performance liquid chromatography and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry analysis. The Complete Freund’s Adjuvant (CFA) was injected in left hind paw of rat at day 1 and dosing at 150, 300 and 600 mg/kg was started on the 8th day via oral gavage in all groups except normal and disease control rats (which were given distilled water), whereas methotrexate (intraperitoneal; 1 mg/kg/mL) was administered to standard control. The CTME and CTAQ exerted significant (p < 0.01–0.0001) in vitro anti-arthritic action. Both extracts notably reduced paw edema, and restored weight loss, immune organs weight, arthritic score, RBCs, ESR, platelet count, rheumatoid factor (RF), C-reactive protein, and WBCs in treated rats. The plant extracts showed significant (p < 0.05–0.0001) downregulation of tumor necrosis factor-α, Interleukin-6, -1β, NF-κB, and cyclooxygenase-2, while notably upregulated IL-4, IL-10, I-κBα in contrast to disease control rats. The plant extracts noticeably (p < 0.001–0.0001) restored the superoxide dismutase and catalase activities and MDA levels in treated rats. Both extracts exhibited significant anti-arthritic potential. The promising potential was exhibited by both extracts probably due to phenolic, and flavonoids compounds.
Keywords: Caralluma tuberculata; oxidative stress; high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry; CFA; NF-Κβ Caralluma tuberculata; oxidative stress; high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry; CFA; NF-Κβ

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MDPI and ACS Style

Iftikhar, N.; Saleem, A.; Akhtar, M.F.; Abbas, G.; Shah, S.; Bibi, S.; Ashraf, G.M.; Alghamdi, B.S.; Abujamel, T.S. In Vitro and In Vivo Anti-Arthritic Potential of Caralluma tuberculata N. E. Brown. and Its Chemical Characterization. Molecules 2022, 27, 6323. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules27196323

AMA Style

Iftikhar N, Saleem A, Akhtar MF, Abbas G, Shah S, Bibi S, Ashraf GM, Alghamdi BS, Abujamel TS. In Vitro and In Vivo Anti-Arthritic Potential of Caralluma tuberculata N. E. Brown. and Its Chemical Characterization. Molecules. 2022; 27(19):6323. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules27196323

Chicago/Turabian Style

Iftikhar, Nida, Ammara Saleem, Muhammad Furqan Akhtar, Ghulam Abbas, Shahid Shah, Shabana Bibi, Ghulam Md Ashraf, Badrah S. Alghamdi, and Turki S. Abujamel. 2022. "In Vitro and In Vivo Anti-Arthritic Potential of Caralluma tuberculata N. E. Brown. and Its Chemical Characterization" Molecules 27, no. 19: 6323. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules27196323

APA Style

Iftikhar, N., Saleem, A., Akhtar, M. F., Abbas, G., Shah, S., Bibi, S., Ashraf, G. M., Alghamdi, B. S., & Abujamel, T. S. (2022). In Vitro and In Vivo Anti-Arthritic Potential of Caralluma tuberculata N. E. Brown. and Its Chemical Characterization. Molecules, 27(19), 6323. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules27196323

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