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Volume 27
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10.3390/molecules27134198
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Article

New Simple and Robust Method for Determination of Polarity of Deep Eutectic Solvents (DESs) by Means of Contact Angle Measurement

by
Łukasz Cichocki
1,
Dorota Warmińska
2,
Justyna Łuczak
1,3,
Andrzej Przyjazny
4 and
Grzegorz Boczkaj
3,5,*
1
Department of Process Engineering and Chemical Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdansk University of Technology, G. Narutowicza St. 11/12, 80-233 Gdansk, Poland
2
Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdansk University of Technology, G. Narutowicza St. 11/12, 80-233 Gdansk, Poland
3
Advanced Materials Center, Gdansk University of Technology, G. Narutowicza St. 11/12, 80-233 Gdansk, Poland
4
Department of Natural Sciences, Kettering University, 1700 University Avenue, Flint, MI 48504, USA
5
Department of Sanitary Engineering, Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Gdansk University of Technology, G. Narutowicza St. 11/12, 80-233 Gdansk, Poland
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Molecules 2022, 27(13), 4198; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules27134198
Submission received: 9 May 2022 / Revised: 11 June 2022 / Accepted: 20 June 2022 / Published: 29 June 2022
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Deep Eutectic Solvents: Properties and Applications as Green Solvents)
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Abstract

The paper presents a new method for evaluating the polarity and hydrophobicity of deep eutectic solvents (DESs) based on the measurement of the DES contact angle on glass. DESs consisting of benzoic acid derivatives and quaternary ammonium chlorides–tetrabutylammonium chloride (TBAC) and benzyldimethylhexadecylammonium chloride (16-BAC)—in selected molar ratios were chosen for the study. To investigate the DESs polarity, an optical goniometer and an ET(30) solvatochromic scale based on Reichardt’s dye were used. The research demonstrated the high accuracy and precision of the developed procedure. The simplicity of the examination and the availability of basic equipment allow for the implementation of the developed method in routine investigations of DESs.
Keywords: DESs; polarity; hydrophobicity; contact angle; solvatochromism; materials characterization DESs; polarity; hydrophobicity; contact angle; solvatochromism; materials characterization

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MDPI and ACS Style

Cichocki, Ł.; Warmińska, D.; Łuczak, J.; Przyjazny, A.; Boczkaj, G. New Simple and Robust Method for Determination of Polarity of Deep Eutectic Solvents (DESs) by Means of Contact Angle Measurement. Molecules 2022, 27, 4198. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules27134198

AMA Style

Cichocki Ł, Warmińska D, Łuczak J, Przyjazny A, Boczkaj G. New Simple and Robust Method for Determination of Polarity of Deep Eutectic Solvents (DESs) by Means of Contact Angle Measurement. Molecules. 2022; 27(13):4198. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules27134198

Chicago/Turabian Style

Cichocki, Łukasz, Dorota Warmińska, Justyna Łuczak, Andrzej Przyjazny, and Grzegorz Boczkaj. 2022. "New Simple and Robust Method for Determination of Polarity of Deep Eutectic Solvents (DESs) by Means of Contact Angle Measurement" Molecules 27, no. 13: 4198. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules27134198

APA Style

Cichocki, Ł., Warmińska, D., Łuczak, J., Przyjazny, A., & Boczkaj, G. (2022). New Simple and Robust Method for Determination of Polarity of Deep Eutectic Solvents (DESs) by Means of Contact Angle Measurement. Molecules, 27(13), 4198. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules27134198

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