Effect of Ylang-Ylang (Cananga odorata Hook. F. & Thomson) Essential Oil on Acute Inflammatory Response In Vitro and In Vivo
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. Analysis of YEO
2.2. YEO Did Not Induce In Vitro Cytotoxicity
2.3. YEO Reduces Neutrophil Chemotaxis In Vitro
2.4. YEO Reduces Neutrophil Phagocytic Activity
2.5. YEO Reduces Leukocyte Recruitment and Nitric Oxide Production in the Zymosan-Induced Peritonitis Model
2.6. YEO Treatment Reduces Leukocyte Rolling and Adhesion
2.7. YEO Treatment Reduces Paw Edema Formation and Mechanical Hyperalgesia Induced by Carrageenan
2.8. YEO Treatment Did Not Induce Acute Oral Toxicity In Vivo
3. Discussion
4. Material and Methods
4.1. Chemicals and Drugs
4.2. Chemical Analysis of YEO
4.3. Animals
4.4. Leukocyte Preparation for In Vitro Assays
4.5. Cell Viability Analysis (MTT Test)
4.6. In Vitro Neutrophil Chemotaxis
4.7. In Vitro Phagocytic Activity of Neutrophils
4.8. Leukocyte Recruitment and Nitric Oxide Levels Determination in Zymosan-Induced Peritonitis Model
4.9. In Situ Intravitral Microscopy Analysis for Rolling and Adhesion Events of Leukocytes in the Microcirculation
4.10. Paw Edema and Mechanical Hyperalgesia Induced by Carrageenan
4.11. Acute Oral Toxicity Study
4.12. Statistical Analysis
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
Sample Availability
References
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Peak | RT (min) | Compound | RI | % |
---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 4.57 | prenyl acetate | 921 | 0.41 |
2 | 7.10 | p-methyl anisole | 1019 | 7.38 |
3 | 7.45 | 1,8-cineole | 1030 | 0.05 |
4 | 9.62 | methyl benzoate | 1096 | 7.64 |
5 | 9.79 | linalool | 1100 | 15.23 |
6 | 12.28 | benzyl acetate | 1164 | 18.12 |
7 | 15.99 | linalyl acetate | 1255 | 0.21 |
8 | 20.91 | α-copaene | 1374 | 0.38 |
9 | 21.33 | geranyl acetate | 1384 | 9.46 |
10 | 21.60 | β-elemene | 1390 | 0.09 |
11 | 22.68 | trans-caryophyllene | 1417 | 5.42 |
12 | 23.82 | cinnamyl acetate | 1445 | 6.05 |
13 | 24.05 | α-humulene | 1451 | 1.80 |
14 | 25.01 | γ-muurolene | 1475 | 0.42 |
15 | 25.17 | germacrene D | 1479 | 4.61 |
16 | 25.60 | prenyl benzoate | 1489 | 0.17 |
17 | 25.79 | bicyclogermacrene | 1494 | 0.13 |
18 | 25.98 | α-muurolene | 1499 | 0.21 |
19 | 26.12 | γ-bisabolene | 1502 | 0.59 |
20 | 26.32 | α-farnesene | 1508 | 2.02 |
21 | 26.49 | γ-cadinene | 1512 | 0.22 |
22 | 26.87 | δ-cadinene | 1522 | 0.98 |
23 | 29.12 | caryophyllene oxide | 1580 | 0.06 |
24 | 31.40 | α-cadinol | 1641 | 0.44 |
25 | 31.56 | α-muurolol | 1645 | 0.10 |
26 | 31.86 | cadin-4-en-10-ol | 1654 | 0.51 |
27 | 34.36 | (z,z)-farnesol | 1722 | 0.38 |
28 | 35.80 | benzyl benzoate | 1764 | 11.39 |
29 | 38.47 | farnesyl acetate | 1841 | 0.83 |
30 | 39.34 | benzyl salicylate | 1868 | 4.47 |
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de Freitas Junior, R.A.; Lossavaro, P.K.d.M.B.; Kassuya, C.A.L.; Paredes-Gamero, E.J.; Farias Júnior, N.C.; Souza, M.I.L.; Silva-Comar, F.M.d.S.; Cuman, R.K.N.; Silva, D.B.; Toffoli-Kadri, M.C.; et al. Effect of Ylang-Ylang (Cananga odorata Hook. F. & Thomson) Essential Oil on Acute Inflammatory Response In Vitro and In Vivo. Molecules 2022, 27, 3666. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules27123666
de Freitas Junior RA, Lossavaro PKdMB, Kassuya CAL, Paredes-Gamero EJ, Farias Júnior NC, Souza MIL, Silva-Comar FMdS, Cuman RKN, Silva DB, Toffoli-Kadri MC, et al. Effect of Ylang-Ylang (Cananga odorata Hook. F. & Thomson) Essential Oil on Acute Inflammatory Response In Vitro and In Vivo. Molecules. 2022; 27(12):3666. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules27123666
Chicago/Turabian Stylede Freitas Junior, Robson Araújo, Paloma Kênia de Moraes Berenguel Lossavaro, Cândida Aparecida Leite Kassuya, Edgar Julian Paredes-Gamero, Nelson Carvalho Farias Júnior, Maria Inês Lenz Souza, Francielli Maria de Souza Silva-Comar, Roberto Kenji Nakamura Cuman, Denise Brentan Silva, Mônica Cristina Toffoli-Kadri, and et al. 2022. "Effect of Ylang-Ylang (Cananga odorata Hook. F. & Thomson) Essential Oil on Acute Inflammatory Response In Vitro and In Vivo" Molecules 27, no. 12: 3666. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules27123666