N-Butyrylated Hyaluronic Acid Achieves Anti-Inflammatory Effects In Vitro and in Adjuvant-Induced Immune Activation in Rats
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. Characterization of Synthesized BHA
2.2. Effects of BHA on Cell Proliferation
2.3. Effects of BHA on the Expression of Inflammation Factors in LPS-Induced RAW264.7 Marcrophage
2.4. BHA Inhibits LPS-Induced STAT1 and STAT3 Expression
2.5. Effects of BHA on Oxidative Stress
2.6. Therapeutic Effects of BHA on AIA Rats
2.7. Effects of BHA on the Expression of Pro-Inflammatory Factors in AIA Rats
2.8. Effects of BHA on the Regulation of NF-κB and MAPK Signaling Pathways
3. Discussion
4. Materials and Methods
4.1. BHA Synthesis and Characterization
4.2. Cell Culture
4.3. Cell Viability Assay
4.4. Immunofluorescence Assay
4.5. ROS Assay
4.6. Adjuvant-Induced Arthritis (AIA) Rat Model
4.7. Administration Method
4.8. Measurement of Paw Thickness and Ankle Circumferences
4.9. Grade Scores Used for Rat Arthritis Assessment
4.10. Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay
4.11. Histopathological Assessment
4.12. Real-Time Quantitative PCR
4.13. Statistical Analysis
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
Abbreviations
References
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Luan, X.; Cong, Z.; Anastassiades, T.P.; Gao, Y. N-Butyrylated Hyaluronic Acid Achieves Anti-Inflammatory Effects In Vitro and in Adjuvant-Induced Immune Activation in Rats. Molecules 2022, 27, 3267. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules27103267
Luan X, Cong Z, Anastassiades TP, Gao Y. N-Butyrylated Hyaluronic Acid Achieves Anti-Inflammatory Effects In Vitro and in Adjuvant-Induced Immune Activation in Rats. Molecules. 2022; 27(10):3267. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules27103267
Chicago/Turabian StyleLuan, Xue, Zhongcheng Cong, Tassos P. Anastassiades, and Yin Gao. 2022. "N-Butyrylated Hyaluronic Acid Achieves Anti-Inflammatory Effects In Vitro and in Adjuvant-Induced Immune Activation in Rats" Molecules 27, no. 10: 3267. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules27103267