New Amphiphilic Ionic Liquids for the Demulsification of Water-in-Heavy Crude Oil Emulsion
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results and Discussion
2.1. Characterization of ILs and PILs
2.2. Solubility and Surface Activity of ATHI-IL and ATEI-IL
2.3. Demulsification Efficiency of ATEI-IL and ATHI-IL
3. Materials and Methods
3.1. Materials
3.2. Synthesis of Amphiphilic Ionic Liquids
3.3. Bottle Test Method
3.4. Characterization
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
Sample Availability
Abbreviations
AA | Abietic acid |
AATG | ester produced from raction of AA with TEG |
AILs | amphiphilic ionic liquids |
ATEI-IL | AIL produced from raction of ATI with EI |
ATHI-IL | AIL produced from raction of ATI with HI |
ATI | adduct produced from reaction of AATG with VIM |
DTG | differential thermal analysis |
EI | ethyl iodide |
HI | hexyl iodide |
PTSA | p-toluene sulfonic acid |
RSN | relative solubility number |
TEG | tetraethylene glycol |
TGA | thermal gravimetrical analysis |
VIM | 1-vinylimidazole |
W/O | water-in-oil |
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Compound | cmc (mM) | (−∂γ/∂ln c)T | γcmc (mN/m) | Γmax × 10−6 (mol/m2) | Amin (nm2/Molecule) | RSN |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
ATHI-IL | 0.051 | 9.88 | 37.6 | 2.52 | 0.658 | 15.4 |
ATEI-IL | 0.06 | 9.71 | 40.6 | 2.23 | 0.747 | 16.1 |
AIL | Crude Oil: Brine Volumetric Ratio | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Dose (ppm) | 90:10 | 70:30 | 50:50 | ||||
DE (%) | Time (h) | DE (%) | Time (h) | DE (%) | Time (h) | ||
ATEI-IL | 250 | 100 | 4.5 | 100 | 6 | 36 | 7 |
500 | 100 | 4 | 100 | 5 | 40 | 6 | |
1000 | 100 | 3.5 | 100 | 4.5 | 88 | 6 | |
ATHI-IL | 250 | 100 | 5 | 93.33 | 6 | 28 | 6 |
500 | 100 | 5 | 100 | 5.5 | 40 | 5.5 | |
1000 | 100 | 4 | 93.33 | 5.5 | 72 | 5 |
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Abdullah, M.M.S.; Ezzat, A.O.; Al-Lohedan, H.A.; Aldalbahi, A.; Atta, A.M. New Amphiphilic Ionic Liquids for the Demulsification of Water-in-Heavy Crude Oil Emulsion. Molecules 2022, 27, 3238. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules27103238
Abdullah MMS, Ezzat AO, Al-Lohedan HA, Aldalbahi A, Atta AM. New Amphiphilic Ionic Liquids for the Demulsification of Water-in-Heavy Crude Oil Emulsion. Molecules. 2022; 27(10):3238. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules27103238
Chicago/Turabian StyleAbdullah, Mahmood M. S., Abdelrahman O. Ezzat, Hamad A. Al-Lohedan, Ali Aldalbahi, and Ayman M. Atta. 2022. "New Amphiphilic Ionic Liquids for the Demulsification of Water-in-Heavy Crude Oil Emulsion" Molecules 27, no. 10: 3238. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules27103238