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Article

Phytochemical Investigation and Antioxidant Activity of Globularia alypum L.

by
Fadoua Asraoui
1,*,
Ayoub Kounnoun
1,
Hafssa El Cadi
2,
Francesco Cacciola
3,*,
Yassine Oulad El Majdoub
4,
Filippo Alibrando
5,
Filippo Mandolfino
4,6,
Paola Dugo
4,5,
Luigi Mondello
4,5,7,8 and
Adnane Louajri
1
1
Laboratory of Applied Biology and Pathology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences of Tetouan, Abd Al-Malek Essaadi University, Tetouan 93000, Morocco
2
Laboratory of Valorization of Resources and Chemical Engineering, Department of Chemistry, Abdelmalek Essaadi University, Tangier 90000, Morocco
3
Department of Biomedical, Dental, Morphological and Functional Imaging Sciences, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy
4
Department of Chemical Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98168 Messina, Italy
5
Chromaleont s.r.l., c/o Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98168 Messina, Italy
6
Foundation A. Imbesi c/o, University of Messina, 98122 Messina, Italy
7
Department of Sciences and Technologies for Human and Environment, University Campus Bio-Medico of Rome, 00128 Rome, Italy
8
BeSep s.r.l., c/o Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98168 Messina, Italy
*
Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Molecules 2021, 26(3), 759; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules26030759
Submission received: 14 January 2021 / Revised: 25 January 2021 / Accepted: 28 January 2021 / Published: 2 February 2021
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Bioactive Phenolic and Polyphenolic Compounds)
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Abstract

The Moroccan flora is rich in medicinal plants that are commonly used in folk medicine for the treatment of various diseases. The present study was designed to investigate the total phenolic and flavonoid contents, as well as the antioxidant properties of leaves extracts from Globularia alypum L. colected from the Taza region in northeast Morocco. Additionally, the individual phenolics and volatiles of the extracts were also evaluated. The organic extracts of this plant were obtained by Soxhlet extraction using two different solvents, namely ethyl acetate and chloroform. The antioxidant capacity of leaves extracts was measured using DPPH, ABTS and FRAP assays; the phenolic profile was determined by HPLC-DAD/ESI-MS analysis, whereas the volatile composition was elucidated by GC-MS. The ethyl acetate extract analysis showed a total of 20 phenolic compounds and the determination of phenolic contents showed a significant value of 56.5 ± 0.61 µg GAE/mg of extract in comparison with the chloroform extract (18.9 ± 0.48 µg GAE/mg of extract). Also, the determination of the flavonoid contents revealed that the ethyl acetate extract contained the highest value (30.2 ± 0.55 µg CE/mg of extract) in comparison with the chloroform extract (18.0 ± 0.36 µg CE/mg of extract). Concerning the antioxidant properties, interesting values were attained for the ethyl acetate extract which exhibited higher antioxidant activity, namely IC50 = 12.3 ± 3.83 µg/mL and IC50 = 37.0 ± 2.45 µg/mL for the DPPH and ABTS assays, respectively, whereas a value of 531.1 ± 17.08 (mg AAE/g DW) was obtained for the FRAP assay. Concerning the volatile profile, a total of 73 compounds were positively detected and among them n-hexadecanoic acid (13.5%) was the most abundant one. The results achieved confirm the important role of this plant as a source of natural antioxidants.
Keywords: Globularia alypum L.; HPLC-DAD/ESI-MS; GC-MS; phenolic compounds; flavonoids; antioxidant activity Globularia alypum L.; HPLC-DAD/ESI-MS; GC-MS; phenolic compounds; flavonoids; antioxidant activity

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MDPI and ACS Style

Asraoui, F.; Kounnoun, A.; Cadi, H.E.; Cacciola, F.; Majdoub, Y.O.E.; Alibrando, F.; Mandolfino, F.; Dugo, P.; Mondello, L.; Louajri, A. Phytochemical Investigation and Antioxidant Activity of Globularia alypum L. Molecules 2021, 26, 759. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules26030759

AMA Style

Asraoui F, Kounnoun A, Cadi HE, Cacciola F, Majdoub YOE, Alibrando F, Mandolfino F, Dugo P, Mondello L, Louajri A. Phytochemical Investigation and Antioxidant Activity of Globularia alypum L. Molecules. 2021; 26(3):759. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules26030759

Chicago/Turabian Style

Asraoui, Fadoua, Ayoub Kounnoun, Hafssa El Cadi, Francesco Cacciola, Yassine Oulad El Majdoub, Filippo Alibrando, Filippo Mandolfino, Paola Dugo, Luigi Mondello, and Adnane Louajri. 2021. "Phytochemical Investigation and Antioxidant Activity of Globularia alypum L." Molecules 26, no. 3: 759. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules26030759

APA Style

Asraoui, F., Kounnoun, A., Cadi, H. E., Cacciola, F., Majdoub, Y. O. E., Alibrando, F., Mandolfino, F., Dugo, P., Mondello, L., & Louajri, A. (2021). Phytochemical Investigation and Antioxidant Activity of Globularia alypum L. Molecules, 26(3), 759. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules26030759

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