A Study on Synthesis and Upscaling of 2′-O-AECM-5-methyl Pyrimidine Phosphoramidites for Oligonucleotide Synthesis
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results and Discussion
2.1. Synthesis of AECM-MeU Phosphoramidite
2.2. Synthesis of AECM-MeC Phosphoramidite
3. Materials and Methods
3.1. General Information
3.2. Synthesis of Compounds 2–7
- N3-Pivaloyloxymethyl-3′,5′-O-[(tetraisopropyldisiloxan-1,3-diyl)]-5-methyl-uridine (2).
- 2′-O-(O-Methylcarboxymethyl)-N3-pivaloyloxymethyl-3′,5′-O-[(1,1,3,3-tetraisopropyl-1,3-disiloxanediyl)methyl]-5-methyl-uridine (3).
- 5′-O-(4,4′-Dimethoxytrityl)-2′-O-[(N-(trifluoroacetamidoethyl)carbamoyl)methyl]-5-methyl-uridine (6).
- 3′-O-(N,N-Diisopropylamino-(2-cyanoethoxy)phosphinyl)-5′-O-(4-methoxytrityl)-2′-O-[(N-(trifluoroacetamidoethyl)carbamoyl)methyl]-5-methyl-uridine (7).
3.3. Synthesis of Compounds 9–16
- N4-Dimethylformamidono-3′,5′-O-[(1,1,3,3-tetraisopropyl-1,3-disiloxanediyl)]-5-methyl-cytidine (9).
- N4-Dimethylformamidino-2′-O-(O-methylcarboxymethyl)-3′,5′-O-[(1,1,3,3-tetraisopropyl-1,3-disiloxanediyl)]-5-methyl-cytidine (10).
- 2′-O-(N-(Ethyl)carbamoyl)methyl-3′,5′-O-[(1,1,3,3-tetraisopropyl-1,3-disiloxanediyl])-5-methyl-cytidine (11).
- 2′-O-(N-(Trifluoroacetamidoethyl)carbamoyl)methyl-3′,5′-O-[(1,1,3,3-tetraisopropyl-1,3-disiloxanediyl])-5-methyl-cytidine (12).
- N4-Acetyl-2′-O-[(N-(trifluoroacetamidoethyl)carbamoyl)methyl-3′,5′-O-[(1,1,3,3-tetraisopropyl-1,3-disiloxanediyl])-5-methyl-cytidine (13).
- N4-Acetyl-2′-O-[(N-(trifluoroacetamidoethyl)carbamoyl)methyl]-5-methyl-cytidine (14).
- N4-Acetyl-5′-O-(4,4′-dimethoxytrityl)-2′-O-[(N-(trifluoroacetamidoethyl)carbamoyl)methyl]-5-methyl-cytidine (15).
- N4-Acetyl-3′-O-(N,N-diisopropylamino-(2-cyanoethoxy)phosphinyl)-5′-O-(4-methoxytrityl)-2′-O-[(N-(trifluoroacetamidoethyl)carbamoyl)methyl]methyl-cytidine (16).
4. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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No. | Pom-Cl, Equiv. | Solvent, 5 Vol | Base, 3 Equiv. | (PTC) Catalyst, 0.2 Equiv. | HPLC Area%, Conver., 50 °C, 1 h | HPLC Area%, Conver., 50 °C, Overnight |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1. | 1.5 | Heptane | KHCO3 | TBABr | Product trace | 66% |
2. | 1.5 | Heptane | NaHCO3 | TBABr | Product trace | Product trace |
3. | 1.5 | DCM | NaHCO3 | TBABr | Product trace | 6% |
4. | 1.5 | Toluene | KHCO3 | TBABr | Product trace | 33% |
5. | 1.5 | Toluene | NaHCO3 | TBABr | Product trace | 6% |
6. | 1.5 | DMF | KHCO3 | TBABr | 23% | 50% |
7. | 1.5 | DMF | NaHCO3 | TBABr | 4% | 23% |
8. | 1.5 | DMF | K2CO3 | TBABr | 53% | 14% * |
9. | 1.5 | DMF | Na2CO3 | TBABr | 6% | 54% |
No. | Methyl 2-Bromoacetate | Solvent, 5 Vol | Base | (PTC) Catalyst | HPLC Area%, Conver., RT, 1 h | HPLC Area%, Conver., RT, Overnight |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1. | 1.2 equiv. | MeCN | K2CO3, 2 equiv. | MeNOct3Cl, 0.2 equiv. | 7% | 50% |
2. | 1.2 equiv. | MeCN | K2CO3, 2 equiv. | - | Product trace | 16% |
3. | 1.2 equiv. | MeCN | K2CO3, 2 equiv. | Oct4NBr, 0.2 equiv. | 8% | 54% |
4. | 2 equiv. | MeCN | K2CO3, 2 equiv. | Oct4NBr, 0.2 equiv. | 15% | 86% |
5. | 2 equiv. | Toluene | K2CO3, 2 equiv. | Oct4NBr, 0.2 equiv. | Product trace | 11% |
6. | 2 equiv. | Heptane | K2CO3, 2 equiv. | Oct4NBr, 0.2 equiv. | 5% | 51% |
7. | 2 equiv. | DCM | K2CO3, 2 equiv. | Oct4NBr, 0.2 equiv. | Product trace | 22% |
8. | 2 equiv. | DMF | K2CO3, 2 equiv. | Oct4NBr, 0.2 equiv. | 7% | 76% |
9. | 2 equiv. | MeCN | K3PO4, 2 equiv. | Oct4NBr, 0.2 equiv. | 51% | 83% |
10. | 2 equiv. | Toluene | K3PO4, 2 equiv. | Oct4NBr, 0.2 equiv. | 4% | 18% |
11. | 2 equiv. | Heptane | K3PO4, 2 equiv. | Oct4NBr, 0.2 equiv. | 9% | 50% |
12. | 2 equiv. | DCM | K3PO4, 2 equiv. | Oct4NBr, 0.2 equiv. | 5% | 37% |
13. | 2 equiv. | DMF | K3PO4, 2 equiv. | Oct4NBr, 0.2 equiv. | 9% | 32% |
14. | 2 equiv. | Heptane:DCM (4:1, v/v) | K2CO3, 4 equiv. | TBABr, 0.05 equiv. | Product trace | 76% (93% after 36 h) |
No. | Methyl 2-Bromoacetate | Solvent, 5 Vol | Base | (PTC) Catalyst, 0.05 Equiv. | HPLC Area%, Conver., RT, 1 h | HPLC Area%, Conver., RT, Overnight | HPLC Area%, Conver., 50 °C, 3.5 h |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1. | 2 equiv. | Heptane | K2CO3, 4 equiv. | TBABr, 0.05 equiv. | 0% | - | 29% * |
2. | 2 equiv. | DCM | K2CO3, 4 equiv. | TBABr, 0.05 equiv. | 0% | 24% | 35% * |
3. | 2 equiv. | MeCN | K2CO3, 4 equiv. | TBABr, 0.05 equiv. | 8% | 63% | 62% * |
4. | 2 equiv. | Heptane | K3PO4, 2 equiv. | TBABr, 0.05 equiv. | 0% | - | 42% * |
5. | 2 equiv. | DCM | K3PO4, 2 equiv. | TBABr, 0.05 equiv. | 7% | 42% | 56% |
6. | 2 equiv. | MeCN | K3PO4, 2 equiv. | TBABr, 0.05 equiv. | 32% | 89% | 90% |
7. | 2 equiv. | DCM/heptane (5 vol), (1:4) (v/v) | K3PO4, 2 equiv. | TBABr, 0.02 equiv. | 0% | - | 89% |
8. | 2 equiv. | DCM/heptane (10 vol), (1:4) (v/v) | K3PO4, 2 equiv. | TBABr, 0.02 equiv. | 0% | - | 94% |
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Karalė, K.; Bollmark, M.; Stulz, R.; Honcharenko, D.; Tedebark, U.; Strömberg, R. A Study on Synthesis and Upscaling of 2′-O-AECM-5-methyl Pyrimidine Phosphoramidites for Oligonucleotide Synthesis. Molecules 2021, 26, 6927. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules26226927
Karalė K, Bollmark M, Stulz R, Honcharenko D, Tedebark U, Strömberg R. A Study on Synthesis and Upscaling of 2′-O-AECM-5-methyl Pyrimidine Phosphoramidites for Oligonucleotide Synthesis. Molecules. 2021; 26(22):6927. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules26226927
Chicago/Turabian StyleKaralė, Kristina, Martin Bollmark, Rouven Stulz, Dmytro Honcharenko, Ulf Tedebark, and Roger Strömberg. 2021. "A Study on Synthesis and Upscaling of 2′-O-AECM-5-methyl Pyrimidine Phosphoramidites for Oligonucleotide Synthesis" Molecules 26, no. 22: 6927. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules26226927