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Article

Reusable Nano-Zirconia-Catalyzed Synthesis of Benzimidazoles and Their Antibacterial and Antifungal Activities

by
Tentu Nageswara Rao
1,
Suliman Yousef AlOmar
2,*,
Faheem Ahmed
3,
Fadwa Albalawi
2,
Naushad Ahmad
4,
Nalla Krishna Rao
5,
M. V. Basaveswara Rao
5,
Ravi Kumar Cheedarala
6,*,
G. Rajasekhar Reddy
7 and
Tentu Manohra Naidu
8
1
Department of Chemistry, Krishna University, Machilipatnam 521001, Andhra Pradesh, India
2
Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
3
Department of Physics, College of Science, King Faisal University, Hofuf 31982, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia
4
Chemistry Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
5
Department of Organic Chemistry, Krishna University, Machilipatnam 521001, Andhra Pradesh, India
6
Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, UNIST-Gil, Ulsan 44919, Korea
7
Department of Chemical Engineering, A.C Tech Campus, Anna University, Chennai 600025, India
8
Department of Nuclear Physics, Andhra University, Visakhapatnam 530003, Andhra Pradesh, India
*
Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Molecules 2021, 26(14), 4219; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules26144219
Submission received: 20 June 2021 / Revised: 6 July 2021 / Accepted: 7 July 2021 / Published: 12 July 2021
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sustainable Catalysis)
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Abstract

In this article, a zirconia-based nano-catalyst (Nano-ZrO2), with intermolecular C-N bond formation for the synthesis of various benzimidazole-fused heterocycles in a concise method is reported. The robustness of this reaction is demonstrated by the synthesis of a series of benzimidazole drugs in a one-pot method. All synthesized materials were characterized using 1HNMR, 13CNMR, and LC-MS spectroscopy as well as microanalysis data. Furthermore, the synthesis of nano-ZrO2 was processed using a standard hydrothermal technique in pure form. The crystal structure of nano-ZrO2 and phase purity were studied, and the crystallite size was calculated from XRD analysis using the Debye–Scherrer equation. Furthermore, the antimicrobial activity of the synthesized benzimidazole drugs was evaluated in terms of Gram-positive, Gram-negative, and antifungal activity, and the results were satisfactory.
Keywords: o-phenylenediamine; nano-ZrO2; aryl aldehydes; benzimidazole; XRD o-phenylenediamine; nano-ZrO2; aryl aldehydes; benzimidazole; XRD

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MDPI and ACS Style

Rao, T.N.; AlOmar, S.Y.; Ahmed, F.; Albalawi, F.; Ahmad, N.; Rao, N.K.; Rao, M.V.B.; Cheedarala, R.K.; Reddy, G.R.; Naidu, T.M. Reusable Nano-Zirconia-Catalyzed Synthesis of Benzimidazoles and Their Antibacterial and Antifungal Activities. Molecules 2021, 26, 4219. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules26144219

AMA Style

Rao TN, AlOmar SY, Ahmed F, Albalawi F, Ahmad N, Rao NK, Rao MVB, Cheedarala RK, Reddy GR, Naidu TM. Reusable Nano-Zirconia-Catalyzed Synthesis of Benzimidazoles and Their Antibacterial and Antifungal Activities. Molecules. 2021; 26(14):4219. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules26144219

Chicago/Turabian Style

Rao, Tentu Nageswara, Suliman Yousef AlOmar, Faheem Ahmed, Fadwa Albalawi, Naushad Ahmad, Nalla Krishna Rao, M. V. Basaveswara Rao, Ravi Kumar Cheedarala, G. Rajasekhar Reddy, and Tentu Manohra Naidu. 2021. "Reusable Nano-Zirconia-Catalyzed Synthesis of Benzimidazoles and Their Antibacterial and Antifungal Activities" Molecules 26, no. 14: 4219. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules26144219

APA Style

Rao, T. N., AlOmar, S. Y., Ahmed, F., Albalawi, F., Ahmad, N., Rao, N. K., Rao, M. V. B., Cheedarala, R. K., Reddy, G. R., & Naidu, T. M. (2021). Reusable Nano-Zirconia-Catalyzed Synthesis of Benzimidazoles and Their Antibacterial and Antifungal Activities. Molecules, 26(14), 4219. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules26144219

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