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Review

Plants and Natural Products with Activity against Various Types of Coronaviruses: A Review with Focus on SARS-CoV-2

by
Susana A. Llivisaca-Contreras
1,
Jaime Naranjo-Morán
2,
Andrea Pino-Acosta
3,
Luc Pieters
4,
Wim Vanden Berghe
4,5,
Patricia Manzano
2,6,
Jeffrey Vargas-Pérez
2,
Fabian León-Tamariz
5,7,* and
Juan M. Cevallos-Cevallos
2,5,6,*
1
Escuela Superior Politécnica del Litoral, ESPOL, Centro de Agua y Desarrollo Sustentable, CADS, Campus Gustavo Galindo Km. 30.5 vía Perimetral, Guayaquil EC090112, Ecuador
2
Escuela Superior Politécnica del Litoral, ESPOL, Centro de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas del Ecuador, CIBE, Campus Gustavo Galindo Km. 30.5 vía Perimetral, Guayaquil EC090112, Ecuador
3
Escuela Superior Politécnica del Litoral, ESPOL, Facultad de Arte, Diseño y Comunicación Audiovisual, FADCOM, Bosque Protector La Prosperina, Campus Gustavo Galindo Km. 30.5 vía Perimetral, Guayaquil EC090112, Ecuador
4
Natural Products & Food Research and Analysis (NatuRA), Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Antwerp, 2610 Antwerp, Belgium
5
Red Universitaria Para la Investigación y Posgrados Vlir Network, Km. 30.5 vía Perimetral, Edificio Principal, Vicerrectorado Académico (2º Piso), Guayaquil EC090112, Ecuador
6
Escuela Superior Politécnica del Litoral, ESPOL, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, FCV, Centro de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas del Ecuador, CIBE, Campus Gustavo Galindo Km. 30.5 vía Perimetral, Guayaquil EC090608, Ecuador
7
Grupo de Plantas Medicinales y Productos Naturales, Departamento de Biociencias, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad de Cuenca, Av. 12 de Abril, Cuenca EC010107, Ecuador
*
Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Molecules 2021, 26(13), 4099; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules26134099
Submission received: 22 May 2021 / Revised: 14 June 2021 / Accepted: 15 June 2021 / Published: 5 July 2021
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Antiviral Properties of Natural Products)
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Abstract

COVID-19 is a pandemic disease caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, which is potentially fatal for vulnerable individuals. Disease management represents a challenge for many countries, given the shortage of medicines and hospital resources. The objective of this work was to review the medicinal plants, foods and natural products showing scientific evidence for host protection against various types of coronaviruses, with a focus on SARS-CoV-2. Natural products that mitigate the symptoms caused by various coronaviruses are also presented. Particular attention was placed on natural products that stabilize the Renin–Angiotensin–Aldosterone System (RAAS), which has been associated with the entry of the SARS-CoV-2 into human cells.
Keywords: middle east respiratory syndrome (MERS); severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV); renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system (RAAS); angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEi); coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19); medicinal plants; antiviral; viral entry inhibitors; biomolecules middle east respiratory syndrome (MERS); severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV); renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system (RAAS); angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEi); coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19); medicinal plants; antiviral; viral entry inhibitors; biomolecules

Share and Cite

MDPI and ACS Style

Llivisaca-Contreras, S.A.; Naranjo-Morán, J.; Pino-Acosta, A.; Pieters, L.; Vanden Berghe, W.; Manzano, P.; Vargas-Pérez, J.; León-Tamariz, F.; Cevallos-Cevallos, J.M. Plants and Natural Products with Activity against Various Types of Coronaviruses: A Review with Focus on SARS-CoV-2. Molecules 2021, 26, 4099. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules26134099

AMA Style

Llivisaca-Contreras SA, Naranjo-Morán J, Pino-Acosta A, Pieters L, Vanden Berghe W, Manzano P, Vargas-Pérez J, León-Tamariz F, Cevallos-Cevallos JM. Plants and Natural Products with Activity against Various Types of Coronaviruses: A Review with Focus on SARS-CoV-2. Molecules. 2021; 26(13):4099. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules26134099

Chicago/Turabian Style

Llivisaca-Contreras, Susana A., Jaime Naranjo-Morán, Andrea Pino-Acosta, Luc Pieters, Wim Vanden Berghe, Patricia Manzano, Jeffrey Vargas-Pérez, Fabian León-Tamariz, and Juan M. Cevallos-Cevallos. 2021. "Plants and Natural Products with Activity against Various Types of Coronaviruses: A Review with Focus on SARS-CoV-2" Molecules 26, no. 13: 4099. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules26134099

APA Style

Llivisaca-Contreras, S. A., Naranjo-Morán, J., Pino-Acosta, A., Pieters, L., Vanden Berghe, W., Manzano, P., Vargas-Pérez, J., León-Tamariz, F., & Cevallos-Cevallos, J. M. (2021). Plants and Natural Products with Activity against Various Types of Coronaviruses: A Review with Focus on SARS-CoV-2. Molecules, 26(13), 4099. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules26134099

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