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Article

Discrimination of Genetically Very Close Accessions of Sweet Orange (Citrus sinensis L. Osbeck) by Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS)

by
Aida B. Magalhães
1,2,
Giorgio S. Senesi
3,*,
Anielle Ranulfi
1,4,
Thiago Massaiti
1,4,
Bruno S. Marangoni
5,
Marina Nery da Silva
1,
Paulino R. Villas Boas
1,
Ednaldo Ferreira
1,
Valdenice M. Novelli
6,
Mariângela Cristofani-Yaly
6 and
Débora M. B. P. Milori
1
1
Embrapa Instrumentation, São Carlos 13560-970, SP, Brazil
2
Agrorobótica, São Carlos 13571-512, SP, Brazil
3
CNR, Istituto per la Scienza e Tecnologia dei Plasmi (ISTP), Sede di Bari, 70126 Bari, Italy
4
São Carlos Institute of Physics, University of São Paulo, São Carlos 13566-590, SP, Brazil
5
Physics Institute, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande 79070-900, MS, Brazil
6
Instituto Agronômico, Centro de Citricultura Sylvio Moreira (IAC-CCSM), Cordeirópolis 13490-000, SP, Brazil
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Molecules 2021, 26(11), 3092; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules26113092
Submission received: 13 April 2021 / Revised: 12 May 2021 / Accepted: 17 May 2021 / Published: 21 May 2021
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Analytical Chemistry in Italy)
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Abstract

The correct recognition of sweet orange (Citrus sinensis L. Osbeck) variety accessions at the nursery stage of growth is a challenge for the productive sector as they do not show any difference in phenotype traits. Furthermore, there is no DNA marker able to distinguish orange accessions within a variety due to their narrow genetic trace. As different combinations of canopy and rootstock affect the uptake of elements from soil, each accession features a typical elemental concentration in the leaves. Thus, the main aim of this work was to analyze two sets of ten different accessions of very close genetic characters of three varieties of fresh citrus leaves at the nursery stage of growth by measuring the differences in elemental concentration by laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS). The accessions were discriminated by both principal component analysis (PCA) and a classifier based on the combination of classification via regression (CVR) and partial least square regression (PLSR) models, which used the elemental concentrations measured by LIBS as input data. A correct classification of 95.1% and 80.96% was achieved, respectively, for set 1 and set 2. These results showed that LIBS is a valuable technique to discriminate among citrus accessions, which can be applied in the productive sector as an excellent cost–benefit tool in citrus breeding programs.
Keywords: sweet orange accessions; laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy; elemental concentration; classification via regression (CVR); partial least square regression (PLSR) sweet orange accessions; laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy; elemental concentration; classification via regression (CVR); partial least square regression (PLSR)

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MDPI and ACS Style

Magalhães, A.B.; Senesi, G.S.; Ranulfi, A.; Massaiti, T.; Marangoni, B.S.; Nery da Silva, M.; Villas Boas, P.R.; Ferreira, E.; Novelli, V.M.; Cristofani-Yaly, M.; et al. Discrimination of Genetically Very Close Accessions of Sweet Orange (Citrus sinensis L. Osbeck) by Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS). Molecules 2021, 26, 3092. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules26113092

AMA Style

Magalhães AB, Senesi GS, Ranulfi A, Massaiti T, Marangoni BS, Nery da Silva M, Villas Boas PR, Ferreira E, Novelli VM, Cristofani-Yaly M, et al. Discrimination of Genetically Very Close Accessions of Sweet Orange (Citrus sinensis L. Osbeck) by Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS). Molecules. 2021; 26(11):3092. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules26113092

Chicago/Turabian Style

Magalhães, Aida B., Giorgio S. Senesi, Anielle Ranulfi, Thiago Massaiti, Bruno S. Marangoni, Marina Nery da Silva, Paulino R. Villas Boas, Ednaldo Ferreira, Valdenice M. Novelli, Mariângela Cristofani-Yaly, and et al. 2021. "Discrimination of Genetically Very Close Accessions of Sweet Orange (Citrus sinensis L. Osbeck) by Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS)" Molecules 26, no. 11: 3092. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules26113092

APA Style

Magalhães, A. B., Senesi, G. S., Ranulfi, A., Massaiti, T., Marangoni, B. S., Nery da Silva, M., Villas Boas, P. R., Ferreira, E., Novelli, V. M., Cristofani-Yaly, M., & Milori, D. M. B. P. (2021). Discrimination of Genetically Very Close Accessions of Sweet Orange (Citrus sinensis L. Osbeck) by Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS). Molecules, 26(11), 3092. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules26113092

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