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Article

Possible Transmission Flow of SARS-CoV-2 Based on ACE2 Features

by
Sk. Sarif Hassan
1,
Shinjini Ghosh
2,
Diksha Attrish
3,
Pabitra Pal Choudhury
4,
Alaa A. A. Aljabali
5,
Bruce D. Uhal
6,
Kenneth Lundstrom
7,
Nima Rezaei
8,9,
Vladimir N. Uversky
10,*,
Murat Seyran
11,
Damiano Pizzol
12,
Parise Adadi
13,
Antonio Soares
14,
Tarek Mohamed Abd El-Aziz
14,15,
Ramesh Kandimalla
16,17,
Murtaza M. Tambuwala
18,
Gajendra Kumar Azad
19,
Samendra P. Sherchan
20,
Wagner Baetas-da-Cruz
21,
Kazuo Takayama
22,
Ángel Serrano-Aroca
23,
Gaurav Chauhan
24,
Giorgio Palu
25 and
Adam M. Brufsky
26add Show full author list remove Hide full author list
1
Department of Mathematics, Pingla Thana Mahavidyalaya, Maligram 721140, India
2
Department of Biophysics, Molecular Biology and Bioinformatics, University of Calcutta, Kolkata 700009, India
3
Dr. B. R. Ambedkar Centre for Biomedical Research (ACBR), University of Delhi (North Campus), Delhi 110007, India
4
Applied Statistics Unit, Indian Statistical Institute, Kolkata 700108, West Bengal, India
5
Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Yarmouk University-Faculty of Pharmacy, Irbid 566, Jordan
6
Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
7
PanTherapeutics, Rte de Lavaux 49, CH1095 Lutry, Switzerland
8
Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Pediatrics Center of Excellence, Children’s Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1416753955, Iran
9
Network of Immunity in Infection, Malignancy and Autoimmunity (NIIMA), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), SE-123 Stockholm, Sweden
10
Department of Molecular Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
11
Doctoral studies in natural and technical sciences (SPL 44), University of Vienna, 1010 Wien, Austria
12
Italian Agency for Development Cooperation—Khartoum, Sudan Street 33, Al Amarat, Khartoum 825109, Sudan
13
Department of Food Science, University of Otago, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand
14
Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, 7703 Floyd Curl Dr, San Antonio, TX 77030, USA
15
Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Minia University, El-Minia 61519, Egypt
16
Applied Biology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology Uppal Road, Tarnaka, Hyderabad 500007, India
17
Department of Biochemistry, Kakatiya Medical College, Warangal, Telangana 500022, India
18
School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Science, Ulster University, Coleraine BT52 1SA, Northern Ireland, UK
19
Department of Zoology, Patna University, Patna, Bihar 800005, India
20
Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
21
Translational Laboratory in Molecular Physiology, Centre for Experimental Surgery, College of Medicine, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro 21941901, Brazil
22
Center for iPS Cell Research and Application, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
23
Biomaterials and Bioengineering Lab, Translational Research Centre San Alberto Magno, Catholic University of Valencia San Vicente Mártir, c/Guillem de Castro 94, 46001 Valencia, Spain
24
School of Engineering and Sciences, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Av. Eugenio Garza Sada 2501 Sur, Monterrey 64849, Nuevo León, Mexico
25
Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, Via Gabelli 63, 35121 Padova, Italy
26
Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
 
add Show full affiliation list
 
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*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Molecules 2020, 25(24), 5906; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules25245906
Submission received: 4 November 2020 / Revised: 10 December 2020 / Accepted: 10 December 2020 / Published: 13 December 2020
(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Conformational Universe of Proteins and Peptides: Tales of Order and Disorder)
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Abstract

Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) is the cellular receptor for the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) that is engendering the severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. The spike (S) protein receptor-binding domain (RBD) of SARS-CoV-2 binds to the three sub-domains viz. amino acids (aa) 22–42, aa 79–84, and aa 330–393 of ACE2 on human cells to initiate entry. It was reported earlier that the receptor utilization capacity of ACE2 proteins from different species, such as cats, chimpanzees, dogs, and cattle, are different. A comprehensive analysis of ACE2 receptors of nineteen species was carried out in this study, and the findings propose a possible SARS-CoV-2 transmission flow across these nineteen species.
Keywords: ACE2; viral spike receptor-binding domain; SARS-CoV-2; transmission; bioinformatics ACE2; viral spike receptor-binding domain; SARS-CoV-2; transmission; bioinformatics

Share and Cite

MDPI and ACS Style

Hassan, S.S.; Ghosh, S.; Attrish, D.; Choudhury, P.P.; Aljabali, A.A.A.; Uhal, B.D.; Lundstrom, K.; Rezaei, N.; Uversky, V.N.; Seyran, M.; et al. Possible Transmission Flow of SARS-CoV-2 Based on ACE2 Features. Molecules 2020, 25, 5906. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules25245906

AMA Style

Hassan SS, Ghosh S, Attrish D, Choudhury PP, Aljabali AAA, Uhal BD, Lundstrom K, Rezaei N, Uversky VN, Seyran M, et al. Possible Transmission Flow of SARS-CoV-2 Based on ACE2 Features. Molecules. 2020; 25(24):5906. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules25245906

Chicago/Turabian Style

Hassan, Sk. Sarif, Shinjini Ghosh, Diksha Attrish, Pabitra Pal Choudhury, Alaa A. A. Aljabali, Bruce D. Uhal, Kenneth Lundstrom, Nima Rezaei, Vladimir N. Uversky, Murat Seyran, and et al. 2020. "Possible Transmission Flow of SARS-CoV-2 Based on ACE2 Features" Molecules 25, no. 24: 5906. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules25245906

APA Style

Hassan, S. S., Ghosh, S., Attrish, D., Choudhury, P. P., Aljabali, A. A. A., Uhal, B. D., Lundstrom, K., Rezaei, N., Uversky, V. N., Seyran, M., Pizzol, D., Adadi, P., Soares, A., El-Aziz, T. M. A., Kandimalla, R., Tambuwala, M. M., Azad, G. K., Sherchan, S. P., Baetas-da-Cruz, W., ... Brufsky, A. M. (2020). Possible Transmission Flow of SARS-CoV-2 Based on ACE2 Features. Molecules, 25(24), 5906. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules25245906

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