Antibacterial Cotton Fabric Functionalized with Copper Oxide Nanoparticles
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Textile Functionalization Methodologies
3. Antimicrobial Activity of Textiles Functionalized with CuO Nanoparticles
4. Wash Durability Test and Uses of Textiles Functionalized with CuO Nanoparticles
5. Cytotoxicity of Textiles Functionalized with CuO Nanoparticles
6. Conclusions and Future Perspectives
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Precursor | Textile Substrate | Shape of Particles/Structure | Crystal Structure/Size of Particles | Application Method | Additional Treatment/Others | Functionality | Washing Testing | Antimicrobial Activity | Antimicrobial Test | Ref. |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
0.005 M Cu(Ac)2·XH2O | Cotton | NR | 15 nm | Sonochemical/ultrasonic irradiation (20 kHz) | No additional treatment | Antibacterial activity | NR | E. coli (ATCC 10407), S. aureus (ATCC 29067) | NR | [42] |
0.04 mol Cu(CH3COO)2·H2O | Cotton | NR | ~10–20 nm | Sonochemical/ultrasonic irradiation (20–27 kHz) | No additional treatment | Antibacterial activity | NR | E. coli (ATCC 10407) | USP 51 | [43] |
4.8 × 10−4 M CuSO4·5H2O | Cotton | NR | 10 nm | Ultrasonic irradiation (20 kHz) | Fabric was washed with 5% sodium dodecyl sulfate at 40 °C for 1 h. | Antibacterial activity | NR | S. aureus, E. coli | NR | [44] |
8 g Cu(CH3COO)2·H2O | Cotton | NR | 60–80 nm | Sonochemical | Roll to roll coating | Antibacterial activity | 65 cycles The hospital protocols of hygienic washing (75 °C) was used. EN ISO 6330 | S. aureus (ATCC 6538), E. coli (ATCC 8739) | BS EN ISO 20743:2007 | [52] |
0.01 M Cu(Ac)2 | Cotton | NR | Monoclinic Crystallite size: ~10 nm. Particle size on cotton: ~30 nm | Sonochemical (20 kHz) | Roll-to-roll coating | Antibacterial activity | NR | S. aureus, Acinetobacter baumannii (A. baumannii), E. coli | NR | [53] |
0.01 M Cu(Ac)2·XH2O | Cotton and hybrid fabric polyester: cotton (65:35) | NR | ~80 nm | Sonochemical installation | Roll to roll coating | Antibacterial activity | NR | S. aureus, E. coli | NR | [45] |
0.005 mol CuSO4·5H2O | Cotton | NR | NR | Ultrasound irradiation (20 kHz) | 0.001 M sodium dodecyl sulfate, cetyl tri-methyl ammonium bromide, triton X-100, and 0.001 M alkyl hydroxy-ethyl dimethyl ammonium chloride surfactants were used in the functionalization process. | Antibacterial activity | 5 and 10 cycles at room temperature | E. coli, S. aureus, Candida albicans (C. albicans), Microsporum canis (M. canis) | AATCC 100 (2004) | [54] |
Cu(Ac)2·XH2O | Cotton | NR | NR | Sonochemical/ultrasonic irradiation (20 kHz) | Two pilot scale machines | Antibacterial activity | NR | S. aureus (ATCC 6538), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) (ATCC 15442), A. baumannii (NCTC 10303), E. coli (ATCC 8739), methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) (NCTC 10442) | BS EN ISO 20743:2007 | [46] |
Copper ions | Cotton | NR | Monoclinic Various sizes | Ultrasonic irradiation (19 kHz) | No additional treatment | Antibacterial activity | 65 cycles Washed at 75 °C | S. aureus, MRSA, A. baumannii, E. coli, P. aeruginosa | NR | [55] |
Cu(NO3)2·3H2O | Polyaniline/cotton | NR | Monoclinic | Ultrasonic treatment (40 kHz) | Aniline polymerization | Antibacterial activity, electrical conductivity | NR | S. aureus, E. coli, C. albicans | NR | [47] |
0.1–15% owf CuSO4·5H2O | Cotton | Rod and wheat-like | 40–70 nm | Dip coating | Anti-creasing agent in the functionalization process | Antibacterial activity | 10 and 30 cycles. 1 mL/L standard detergent at 60 °C-30 min was used. | S. aureus, E. coli | AATCC 100 (2004) | [56] |
0.2 M CuSO4 | Cotton | NR | NR | Dip coating | The fabric was cleaned with hydrogen peroxide, ammonium hydroxide. 3-chloropropyltriethoxisilane, diethanolamine in the functionalization process | Catalytic activity, antibacterial activity | NR | S. epidermidis, E. coli | Diffusivity zone inhibitory tests | [49] |
0.2 M Cu(CH3COO)2 | Cotton | NR | Crystallite size on cotton: 10.6 nm | Dip coating | The fabric was washed with a 1-g/L nonionic detergent solution as a pretreatment. | Photocatalytic activity, antibacterial activity | 5 cycles | S. epidermidis, E. coli | AATCC 100 | [57] |
10 mM CuSO4 | Cotton | NR | NR | Dip coating | The fabric was washed with nonionic agent Felosan RG-N and modified with 20 mL of the oxalic acid solutions of different concentrations (4, 6, and 10 w/v%). | Antibacterial activity | NR | E. coli (ATCC 25922, NCTC 13846, ATCC BAA-2469), S. aureus (ATCC 25,923 and 43,300), P. aeruginosa (ATCC 27853), C. albicans (ATCC 24433), K. pneumoniae (ATCC BAA-2146) | ASTM E 2149-01 | [48] |
0.2 M Cu(CH3COO)2 | Polyester | Cauliflower-like | Crystallite size on PES: ~27.5 nm. Particle size on PES: 222.5 nm | Dip coating | The fabric was washed with nonionic detergent as a pretreatment. The Seidlitzia Rosmarinus plant (Keliab) solution was used as reagent alkaline in the functionalization process. | Photocatalytic activity, self-cleaning properties, UV protection, antibacterial activity | NR | S. aureus, E. coli | AATCC 100 | [58] |
Cu(CH3COO)2 | Wool | NR | Crystallite size on wool: ~8.5 nm. Particle size on wool: 36.5 nm | Dip coating | The fabric was washed with nonionic detergent as a pretreatment. The Seidlitzia Rosmarinus plant (Keliab) solution was used as reagent alkaline in the functionalization process. | Antibacterial activity, UV protection | 1 and 5 cycles | S. aureus, E. coli | AATCC 100 | [50] |
5, 25, 125, and 250 mM % CuSO4·5H2O | Cotton | Spherical | 40–100 nm | Dip coating + shaking | Cassia alata leaf extract as a pretreatment | Antibacterial activity | 5, 10, and 15 cycles | E. coli | Diffusion method | [59] |
2 mmol Cu(Ac)2·2H2O | Cotton | Round clusters | Monoclinic 40–94 nm | Ultrasonic-mediated dip coating | Two metal oxide sols were prepared: TiO2 and CuO sol syntheses. The modification of the cotton surface was achieved by the incorporation of citric acid (CA) and polyethylene glycol (PEG) to improve the attachment. The amount of TiO2 and CuO on cotton fibers was in the range of 10–12 wt%. | Antibacterial activity | 10 cycles The treated cotton was washed with 2 g/L nonionic detergent at 50 °C-15 min, rinsed with water, and dries at 100 °C-5 min. | S. aureus (ATCC 6538), E. coli (ATCC 25922) | Agar diffusion test Dynamic shake test. | [60] |
10 mM CuSO4·5H2O | Cotton | NR | NR | Dip coating + dry + cure | Fabric was washed with nonionic agent Felosan RG-N. Succinic, 1,2,3,4-butanetetracarboxylic and citric acids in the functionalization process. | Antibacterial activity | NR | S. aureus (ATCC 25923), E. coli (ATCC 25922) | ASTM E 2149-01 | [61] |
18 w/w% CuSO4·5H2O | Cotton | Various morphologies | Monoclinic Crystallite size on cotton: ~15.9 and 12.4 nm | Dip coating + shaking | The fabric was washed with 2 g/L nonionic detergent at 60 °C for 45 min as a pretreatment. | Antibacterial activity | 10, 20 and 30 cycles AATCC 61(2A)-1996 | E. coli, S. aureus | ISO 20645:2004 and AATCC 100:2004 | [62] |
4 wt% CuSO4 | Cotton | NR | Various sizes | Dip coating + shaking | The fabric was washed with 1 g/L nonionic detergent at 60 °C for 20 min. The citric acid and sodium hypophosphite were used as a stabilizing protective and reducing agent, respectively, in the functionalization process. | Antibacterial activity | 10, 20 and 30 cycles AATCC 61(2A)-1996 | E. coli, S. aureus | AATCC 147 and AATCC 100:2004 | [63] |
0.022 g MCu(CH3COO)2 | Cotton | Needles, prolate spheroidal | L: 80 nm, D: 10 nm | Coating/dyeing process + ultrasonic irradiation (20 kHz) | The 0.16 g reactive orange 16 (RO16) and 0.16 g reactive black 5 (RB5) dyes were used in the functionalization process | Antibacterial activity | Not specified | E. coli | NR | [64] |
1 mm CuCl2 | Cotton | Nanosphere | 25–30 nm | Dip padding + microwave irradiation (2455 MHz) | The fabrics were treated with 10% (v/v) mercaptoacetic acid in the presence of para-toluene sulphonic acid. | Antibacterial activity, UV protection, flame retardation | 10, 20, and 30 cycles AATCC 61(2A)-1996 | S. aureus, E. coli | NR | [65] |
0.5 M Cu(NO3)2·3H2O | Paper (cellulose) | Nano-leaves | W: 300 nm, L: 700 nm, T: 30 nm | Soak + drying | NR | Antibacterial activity | NR | E. coli (ATCC 8739), S. aureus (ATCC 6538) | NR | [66] |
0.2–30.0% owf Cu(CH3COO)2·H2O | Cotton | NR | NR | Exhaust dyeing | NR | Antibacterial activity, UV protection | 20 cycles ISO 105-C06:1994 | E. coli (ATCC 25922) | ASTM E 2149-01 | [51] |
Copper wires—1 mm diameter | Cotton | NR | <100 nm | Spark discharge (1 kHz) | Ultrasonic pulse generator to avoid NP agglomeration in the functionalization process | Antibacterial activity | 15 cycles | S. aureus, E. coli | AATCC 100 | [67] |
Copper cathodic | Polyester, polyamide | NR | NR | Cathodic cage plasma deposition | The argon atmosphere was used in the process. | Antibacterial activity | NR | NR | NR | [68] |
Precursor | Textile Substrate | Shape of Particles/Structure | Crystal Structure/Size of Particles | Application Method | Additional Treatment/Others | Functionality | Washing Testing | Antimicrobial Activity | Antimicrobial Test | Ref. |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
10 mM Cu(CH3COO)2·H2O | Woven | Caterpillar-like Ellipsoidal body shaped architectures: | Monoclinic W: ~80–100 nm, L: 140–160 nm | Drop casting | CuO nanostructures were synthesized by green wet-chemical method | Energy storage | NR | – | – | [71] |
CuO NPs, throwing stones mode | Cotton | Ellipsoidal | 200–400 nm | Sonochemical/Ultrasonic irradiation (19 kHz) | No additional treatment | Antibacterial activity | NR | E. coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae (K. pneumoniae), S. aureus, MRSA | BS EN ISO 20743:2007 | [72] |
0.75–1.4 wt% CuO NPs | Cotton | NR | NR | Sonochemical | No additional treatment | Antibacterial activity | 65 cycles Washed at 75 °C | S. aureus, E. coli | NR | [73] |
1 M CuSO4 | Cotton | NR | NR | Simple dipping technique | The CuO NPs were synthesized with a copper sulphate solution and Sida acuta extract. | Antibacterial activity | NR | S. aureus, E. coli, Proteus vulgaris (P. vulgaris) | Agar plates | [74] |
CuSO4·7H2O:H2O (1:30) | Bamboo rayon | NR | NR | Dip coating | Bamboo rayon fabric grafted with acrylic acid | Antibacterial activity | 50 cycles | S. aureus, E. coli | AATCC 100 (2004) | [75] |
CuSO4 | Cotton | NR | NR | Dip coating | The CuO NPs were synthesized with a copper sulphate solution and 50 mL of Ruellia tuberosa aqueous extract. | Antibacterial activity | NR | E. coli, K. pneumoniace, S. aureus | Agar plates | [70] |
3.2; 8.0; 16 g/m2 CuO NPs | Cotton | NR | <50 nm | Dip coating + shaking | Tetrahydrofuran, polydimethylsiloxane, and silanes were used in the process. | Superhydrophobicity, antibacterial activity | Triton-X, non-ionic detergent (1 g/L) was used to wash. | E. coli (ATCC 25922), S. aureus (ATCC 25923) | AATCC 100 (2004) | [76] |
1 mg CuO NPs–woven fabric 14 mg CuO NPs–non-woven fabric | Cotton | NR | Monoclinic 50 nm | Immersion | The fabric was washed with hydrochloric acid. The chemical precipitation method to synthesize CuO NPs from 0.2 M Cu(NO3)2·2H2O was used. | Antibacterial activity | NR | S. aureus, Bacilos subtilis (B. subtilis), E. coli, P. aeruginosa | Agar diffusion | [69] |
0.1 M CuSO4 | Cotton | NR | 50 nm | Exhaustion + pad–dry–cure | The CuO NPs were synthesized by a wet-type chemical method. Microencapsulation was conducted by the ionic gelation method using 3% sodium alginate and 2% CuO NPs. | Antibacterial activity | 5 and 10 cycles AATCC61 (1A)-2001 | S. aureus (ATCC 6538), E. coli (ATCC 11,230 and 8739) | AATCC 147 and AATCC 100 | [77] |
0.3 and 1.0%(w/w) CuO | Polypropile-ne | Round clusters | <0.5 µm | Spinning process | The fibers were produced with polypropylene chips and CuO microparticles. Melt was performed using a twin screw extruder. | Antibacterial activity | NR | E. coli (ATCC 25922) | JIS L 1902:2002 | [78] |
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Román, L.E.; Gomez, E.D.; Solís, J.L.; Gómez, M.M. Antibacterial Cotton Fabric Functionalized with Copper Oxide Nanoparticles. Molecules 2020, 25, 5802. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules25245802
Román LE, Gomez ED, Solís JL, Gómez MM. Antibacterial Cotton Fabric Functionalized with Copper Oxide Nanoparticles. Molecules. 2020; 25(24):5802. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules25245802
Chicago/Turabian StyleRomán, Luz E., Enrique D. Gomez, José L. Solís, and Mónica M. Gómez. 2020. "Antibacterial Cotton Fabric Functionalized with Copper Oxide Nanoparticles" Molecules 25, no. 24: 5802. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules25245802