Analysis of Cytotoxicity of Selected Asteraceae Plant Extracts in Real Time, Their Antioxidant Properties and Polyphenolic Profile
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results and Discussion
2.1. Cytotoxicity Assays
2.2. Antioxidant Activity
2.3. Polyphenolic Profile
3. Materials and Methods
3.1. Materials
3.2. Extracts Preparation
3.3. Cell Cultivation
3.4. Real-Time Cell Analysis–xCELLigence System
3.5. Cytotoxicity Assay
3.6. Antioxidant Activity and Total Phenolic Compounds
3.7. HPLC Analysis
3.8. Statistical Analysis
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Concentration of Extracts (µg/mL) | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
125 µg/mL | 250 µg/mL | 500 µg/mL | 1000 µg/mL | Control | ||
Tansy leaves | ||||||
RTCA | CI | 0.13 ± 0.01 *** | 0.07 ± 0.01 *** | 0.05 ± 0.01 *** | 0.08 ± 0.02 *** | 4.07 ± 0.74 |
A (%) | 3.28 ± 0.28 *** | 1.64 ± 0.14 *** | 1.31 ± 0.14 *** | 1.88 ± 0.51 *** | 100 ± 18.23 | |
MTS | MA (%) | 42.95 ± 1.54 *** | 49.25 ± 0.00 *** | 66.42 ± 2.45 *** | 82.15 ± 4.05 *** | 100 ± 0.00 |
Yarrow leaves | ||||||
RTCA | CI | 1.15 ± 0.07 *** | 0.72 ± 0.09 *** | 0.59 ± 0.07 *** | 0.64 ± 0.11 *** | 4.07 ± 0.74 |
A (%) | 28.34 ± 1.64 *** | 17.61 ± 2.09 *** | 14.41 ± 1.60 *** | 15.72 ± 2.70 *** | 100 ± 18.23 | |
MTS | MA (%) | 46.03 ± 1.77 *** | 50.45 ± 1.28 *** | 59.51 ± 1.44 *** | 76.47 ± 1.71 *** | 100 ± 0.00 |
Goldenrod leaves | ||||||
RTCA | CI | 9.18 ± 2.78 *** | 3.74 ± 0.62 | 0.08 ± 0.01 *** | 0.07 ± 0.01 *** | 4.07 ± 0.74 |
A (%) | 225.55 ± 68.26 *** | 91.81 ± 15.31 | 1.88 ± 0.28 *** | 1.64 ± 0.14 *** | 100 ± 18.23 | |
MTS | MA (%) | 61.22 ± 3.27 *** | 49.59 ± 1.67 *** | 57.32 ± 2.02 *** | 76.81 ± 2.80 *** | 100 ± 0.00 |
Goldenrod flowers | ||||||
RTCA | CI | 8.60 ± 2.56 *** | 2.42 ± 0.23 | 0.31 ± 0.10 *** | 0.12 ± 0.03 *** | 4.07 ± 0.74 |
A (%) | 211.38 ± 62.87 *** | 59.46 ± 5.54 *** | 7.70 ± 2.56 *** | 3.03 ± 0.79 *** | 100 ± 18.23 | |
MTS | MA (%) | 60.12 ± 4.53 *** | 47.74 ± 2.53 *** | 51.44 ± 1.20 *** | 62.04 ± 0.66 *** | 100 ± 0.00 |
Extract | Antioxidant Capacity | ||
---|---|---|---|
TPC (mg GAE/g) | DPPH Reduction (μmol TE/g) | FRAP (μmol TE/g) | |
Tansy leaves | 41.35 ± 1.48 a | 257.17 ± 16.69 a | 243.21 ± 3.02 a |
Yarrow leaves | 15.86 ± 2.73 d | 92.19 ± 4.92 c | 84.17 ± 6.04 d |
Goldenrod leaves | 50.99 ± 1.63 c | 272.47 ± 5.68 a | 272.25 ± 19.94 c |
Goldenrod flowers | 32.58 ± 0.94 b | 192.82 ± 4.11 b | 192.76 ± 5.59 b |
Compound (mg/g) | Retention Time (min) | Tansy Leaves | Yarrow Leaves | Goldenrod Leaves | Goldenrod Flowers |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Chlorogenic acid der | 3.27 | n.d. | 1.92 ± 0.05 | 1.24 ± 0.02 | 0.72 ± 0.01 |
6.99 | 8.41 ± 0.11 | 1.95 ± 0.02 | 0.46 ± 0.02 | 1.27 ± 0.04 | |
8.80 | n.d. | 0.33 ± 0.01 | n.d. | n.d. | |
10.14 | n.d. | 0.26 ± 0.01 | n.d. | n.d. | |
Chlorogenic acid | 6.25 | 37.64 ± 0.24 | 23.22 ± 0.80 | 8.92 ± 0.50 | 11.08 ± 0.13 |
Caffeic acid | 2.91 | 1.33 ± 0.12 | 1.58 ± 0.02 | 2.79 ± 0.01 | 1.27 ± 0.02 |
Caffeic acid der | 2.58 | n.d. | 0.89 ± 0.02 | n.d. | 1.92 ± 0.01 |
Ferulic acid | 4.50 | 14.22 ± 0.13 | 0.27 ± 0.01 | n.d. | n.d. |
Ferulic acid der | 5.33 | n.d. | 0.21 ± 0.01 | n.d. | n.d. |
Unknown phenolic acid | 2.20 | 4.92 ± 0.05 | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. |
Hydroxycinnamic acid derivatives total | 66.52 ± 27.32 | 28.74 ± 10.56 | 12.17 ± 4.69 | 15.54 ± 6.29 | |
Rutin | 7.85 | n.d. | n.d. | 1.25 ± 0.03 | 0.43 ± 0.02 |
Hyperoside | 8.31 | 6.67 ± 0.60 | n.d. | 4.40 ± 0.50 | 7.70 ± 0.09 |
Quercetin Glycoside der | 9.50 | 1.63 ± 0.03 | n.d. | 5.98 ± 0.02 | 7.95 ± 0.09 |
10.12 | n.d. | n.d. | 34.54 ± 0.10 | 10.60 ±0.03 | |
Luteolin | 13.91 | 1.17 ± 0.01 | 0.19 ± 0.01 | <LOQ | n.d. |
Luteolin der | 13.49 | 0.85 ± 0.02 | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. |
Apigenin | 15.70 | 0.78 ± 0.02 | n.d. | n.d. | 0.16 ± 0.01 |
Apigenin der | 7.59 | 2.52 ± 0.03 | 0.47 ± 0.05 | n.d. | n.d. |
Flavonoid derivatives total | 13.62 ± 4.89 | 0.66 ± 0.20 | 46.17 ± 15.46 | 26.84 ± 4.37 | |
Total polyphenols | 80.14 | 29.40 | 58.34 | 48.12 |
Sample Availability: Samples of the plant extracts are available from the authors for the limited time. | |
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Sowa, P.; Marcinčáková, D.; Miłek, M.; Sidor, E.; Legáth, J.; Dżugan, M. Analysis of Cytotoxicity of Selected Asteraceae Plant Extracts in Real Time, Their Antioxidant Properties and Polyphenolic Profile. Molecules 2020, 25, 5517. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules25235517
Sowa P, Marcinčáková D, Miłek M, Sidor E, Legáth J, Dżugan M. Analysis of Cytotoxicity of Selected Asteraceae Plant Extracts in Real Time, Their Antioxidant Properties and Polyphenolic Profile. Molecules. 2020; 25(23):5517. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules25235517
Chicago/Turabian StyleSowa, Patrycja, Dana Marcinčáková, Michał Miłek, Ewelina Sidor, Jaroslav Legáth, and Małgorzata Dżugan. 2020. "Analysis of Cytotoxicity of Selected Asteraceae Plant Extracts in Real Time, Their Antioxidant Properties and Polyphenolic Profile" Molecules 25, no. 23: 5517. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules25235517