Fabrication and Characterization of Microcellular Polyurethane Sisal Biocomposites
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results and Discussion
2.1. Tensile Test
2.2. Water Uptake
2.3. SEM
2.4. Viscoleasticity
3. Materials and Methods
3.1. Materials
3.2. Mold Preparation
3.3. Castor Oil Treatment
3.4. Sisal Treatment
3.5. Synthesis of Biocomposites
4. Tests
4.1. Tensile Test
4.2. Water Uptake Test
4.3. Viscoelasticity Test
4.4. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM)
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Sample Availability: Samples of the compounds Microcellular Polyurethane Sisal Biocomposites available from the authors. |
M-C PU/Sisal (Random Short Fiber Composite) 1%vf | M-C PU/Sisal (Random Short Fiber Composite) 1.26%vf | M-C PU/Sisal (Random Short Fiber Composite) 1.59%vf | M-C PU/Sisal (Random Short Fiber Composite) 2%vf | M-C PU/Sisal (Random Short Fiber Composite) 2.52%vf | M-C PU/Sisal (Random Short Fiber Composite) 3.17%vf | M-C PU/Sisal (Random Short Fiber Composite) 4%vf | M-C PU | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Density (kg/m3) | 607 | 610 | 613 | 616 | 621 | 626 | 634 | 599 |
Young’s modulus (GPa) | 0.521 | 0.539 | 0.562 | 0.59 | 0.626 | 0.67 | 0.726 | 0.43 |
Yield strength (elastic limit) (MPa) | 6.7 | 7.09 | 7.59 | 8.21 | 8.99 | 9.96 | 11.2 | 5.1 |
Thermal expansion coefficient (µstrain/°C) | 90.5 | 86.1 | 81.4 | 76.3 | 70.9 | 65.4 | 60 | 114 |
Chemical Composition | |
Cellulose (%) | 41.6–62.6 |
Hemi cellulose (%) | 9.2–14.6 |
Lignin (%) | 11.4–19.5 |
Mechanical Properties | |
Young’s modulus (GPa) | 9.4–22 |
Yield strength (elastic limit) (GPa) | 460–576 |
Tensile strength (MPa) | 511–640 |
Elongation strain (%) | 2–7 |
Flexural modulus (GPa) | 9.4–22 |
Fatigue strength at 107 cycles (MPa) | 220–316 |
Mechanical loss coefficient (tan delta) | 0.00407–0.00753 |
Thermal Properties | |
Glass temperature (°C) | 380–390 |
Maximum service temperature (°C) | 400–420 |
Thermal conductivity (W/m °C) | 0.25–0.35 |
Specific heat capacity (J/Kg °C) | 1.2 ×10 3- 1.22×103 |
Absorption & Permeability | |
Water absorption @ 24 h (%) | 2–2.4 |
Durability | |
Water (salt) | Excellent |
Weak acids | Acceptable |
Weak alkalis | Acceptable |
Organic solvents | Acceptable |
UV radiation (sunlight) | Good |
Physical Properties | |
Density (kg/m3) | 1410 |
Fiber diameter(µm) | 145–440 |
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Abdel-Hamid, S.M.S.; Al-Qabandi, O.A.; N.A.S., E.; Bassyouni, M.; Zoromba, M.S.; Abdel-Aziz, M.H.; Mira, H.; Y., E. Fabrication and Characterization of Microcellular Polyurethane Sisal Biocomposites. Molecules 2019, 24, 4585. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules24244585
Abdel-Hamid SMS, Al-Qabandi OA, N.A.S. E, Bassyouni M, Zoromba MS, Abdel-Aziz MH, Mira H, Y. E. Fabrication and Characterization of Microcellular Polyurethane Sisal Biocomposites. Molecules. 2019; 24(24):4585. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules24244585
Chicago/Turabian StyleAbdel-Hamid, S.M.S., O.A. Al-Qabandi, Elminshawy. N.A.S., M. Bassyouni, M.S. Zoromba, M.H. Abdel-Aziz, H. Mira, and Elhenawy Y. 2019. "Fabrication and Characterization of Microcellular Polyurethane Sisal Biocomposites" Molecules 24, no. 24: 4585. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules24244585