Furocoumarin Content of Fennel—Below the Safety Threshold
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Results
3. Discussion
4. Materials and Methods
4.1. Plant Material
4.2. Extraction
4.3. Determination and Quantification of Furocoumarins in Fennel Extracts by LC-MS
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Sample Availability: Samples of the plant materials are available from the authors. |
Sample | Recovery (%) | ||
---|---|---|---|
Psoralene | 5-Methoxypsoralene | Imperatorin | |
Spiked before extraction | 101.34 | 105.81 | 84.56 |
Spiked after extraction | 133.44 | 80.17 | 92.42 |
Sample | μg/7.5 g Plant Material (± SD) | ||
---|---|---|---|
Psoralene | 5-Methoxypsoralene | Total | |
1 | 0.0551 ± 0.0015 | 0.6829 ± 0.0311 | 0.7380 |
2 | 0.0431 ± 0.0017 | 0.4830 ± 0.0172 | 0.5261 |
3 | 0.0504 ± 0.0011 | 0.6192 ± 0.0256 | 0.6696 |
4 | 0.0561 ± 0.0019 | 0.6419 ± 0.0301 | 0.6980 |
5 | 0.0646 ± 0.0031 | 0.6684 ± 0.0219 | 0.7330 |
6 | 0.0449 ± 0.0011 | 0.5239 ± 0.0092 | 0.5688 |
7 | 0.1072 ± 0.0050 | 1.1137 ± 0.0112 | 1.2209 |
8 | 0.0886 ± 0.0039 | 1.1052 ± 0.0216 | 1.1938 |
9 | 0.0938 ± 0.0045 | 1.0114 ± 0.0328 | 1.1052 |
10 | 0.0710 ± 0.0018 | 0.8730 ± 0.0178 | 0.9440 |
11 | 0.0175 ± 0.0006 | 0.1165 ± 0.0033 | 0.1340 |
12 | * | 0.0220 ± 0.0007 | 0.0220 |
13 | * | 0.0236 ± 0.0009 | 0.0236 |
14 | * | * | * |
15 | * | 0.0183 ± 0.0008 | 0.0183 |
16 | 0.0142 ± 0.0002 | 0.0618 ± 0.0021 | 0.0760 |
17 | * | * | * |
18 | * | * | * |
19 | * | * | * |
20 | 0.0193 ± 0.0007 | 0.2360 ± 0.0072 | 0.2553 |
21 | * | * | * |
22 | * | 0.0116 ± 0.0003 | 0.0116 |
23 | * | * | * |
24 | * | * | * |
25 | 0.0133 ± 0.0005 | 0.1184 ± 0.0039 | 0.1317 |
26 | 0.0078 ± 0.0002 | 0.0321 ± 0.0007 | 0.0399 |
27 | * | 0.0188 ± 0.0006 | 0.0188 |
28 | * | 0.0426 ± 0.0018 | 0.0426 |
29 | * | 0.0111 ± 0.0003 | 0.0111 |
30 | * | 0.1045 ± 0.0061 | 0.1045 |
variety Berfena | * | 0.0634 ± 0.0028 | 0.0634 |
variety Groβfrüchtig | * | 0.0099 ± 0.0002 | 0.0099 |
variety Soroksár’ | * | 0.0745 ± 0.0011 | 0.0745 |
caraway commercial sample | * | 0.1062 ± 0.0018 | 0.1062 |
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Kerekes, D.; Csorba, A.; Gosztola, B.; Németh-Zámbori, É.; Kiss, T.; Csupor, D. Furocoumarin Content of Fennel—Below the Safety Threshold. Molecules 2019, 24, 2844. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules24152844
Kerekes D, Csorba A, Gosztola B, Németh-Zámbori É, Kiss T, Csupor D. Furocoumarin Content of Fennel—Below the Safety Threshold. Molecules. 2019; 24(15):2844. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules24152844
Chicago/Turabian StyleKerekes, Diána, Attila Csorba, Beáta Gosztola, Éva Németh-Zámbori, Tivadar Kiss, and Dezső Csupor. 2019. "Furocoumarin Content of Fennel—Below the Safety Threshold" Molecules 24, no. 15: 2844. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules24152844
APA StyleKerekes, D., Csorba, A., Gosztola, B., Németh-Zámbori, É., Kiss, T., & Csupor, D. (2019). Furocoumarin Content of Fennel—Below the Safety Threshold. Molecules, 24(15), 2844. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules24152844