Quality Analysis of American Ginseng Cultivated in Heilongjiang Using UPLC-ESI−-MRM-MS with Chemometric Methods
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results and Discussion
2.1. Optimization of Separation and MS Conditions by UPLC-MIM/MRM-EPI
2.2. Optimization of Saponin Extraction
2.3. Qualitative Analysis of Investigated Ginsenosides in Cultivated P. quinquefolium
2.4. Quantitative Analysis of Real Samples
2.4.1. Validation of Analytical Methods
2.4.2. Distribution of Compounds 1–22 in Different Parts from P. quinquefolium
2.5. Multivariate Statistical Analysis of P. quinquefolium in Different Growth Years
2.5.1. Hierarchical Clustering Analysis
2.5.2. Partial Least Squares Discrimination Analysis
3. Experimental
3.1. Plants and Reagents
3.2. Extraction Procedures
3.3. UPLC-MS/MS System
3.4. Validation of Methods
3.5. Data Processing
4. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Sample Availability: Samples of the compounds are not available from the authors. |
Peaks 1 | Adducts | Parents (m/z) | Daughters (m/z) (Q/I) 2 | DP (V) | CE (eV) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | [M + HCOO]− | 991.5 | 783.2/621.2 | −110 | −60 |
2 | [M + HCOO]− | 845.5 | 637.2/475.2 | −120 | −50 |
3 | [M + HCOO]− | 1007.5 | 799.3/475.3 | −100 | −60 |
4 | [M + HCOO]− | 799.2 | 653.0/491.2 | −100 | −50 |
5 | [M + HCOO]− | 1153.6 | 945.4/783.2 | −100 | −75 |
6 | [M + HCOO]− | 815.5 | 637.2/475.2 | −120 | −40 |
7 | [M + HCOO]− | 815.5 | 637.2/475.2 | −120 | −40 |
8 | [M + HCOO]− | 1123.6 | 945.4/783.4 | −100 | −65 |
9 | [M + HCOO]− | 829.5 | 637.2/475.2 | −90 | −45 |
10 | [M + HCOO]− | 683.4 | 475.2/637.2 | −100 | −40 |
11 | [M + HCOO]− | 1123.6 | 945.4/783.4 | −110 | −60 |
12 | [M + HCOO]− | 1123.6 | 945.4/783.4 | −100 | −65 |
13 | [M − H]− | 925.5 | 763.2/613.1 | −120 | −65 |
14 | [M + HCOO]− | 683.4 | 475.2/637.1 | −100 | −40 |
15 | [M − H]− | 793.4 | 631.1/455.2 | −120 | −65 |
16 | [M + HCOO]− | 991.5 | 783.2/621.2 | −100 | −65 |
17 | [M + HCOO]− | 961.5 | 783.2/621.3 | −120 | −45 |
18 | [M + HCOO]− | 961.5 | 783.2/621.2 | −120 | −45 |
19 | [M + HCOO]− | 811.5 | 619.4/457.1 | −100 | −45 |
20 | [M + HCOO]− | 829.5 | 621.4/459.2 | −100 | −40 |
21 | [M + HCOO]− | 829.5 | 621.4/459.2 | −100 | −55 |
22 | [M + HCOO]− | 667.4 | 459.4/621.4 | −100 | −40 |
Peaks | tR1 | Regression Equations | R2 | Linear Ranges 2 | LOD 2 | LOQ 2 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 1.47 | y = 10,699x + 337 | 0.9992 | 31–1000 | 1.95 | 3.91 |
2 | 1.57 | y = 76,280x + 864 | 0.9976 | 34–1090 | 2.13 | 4.26 |
3 | 2.42 | y = 86,118x − 716 | 0.9952 | 16–525 | 7.81 | 15.63 |
4 | 4.03 | y = 17,787x + 569 | 0.9967 | 31–1000 | 1.91 | 3.90 |
5 | 4.79 | y = 6627.9x + 25 | 0.9968 | 63–2000 | 7.81 | 15.63 |
6 | 5.11 | y = 86,679x − 1514 | 0.9991 | 15–475 | 2.01 | 4.02 |
7 | 5.72 | y = 184,024x − 1321 | 0.9950 | 8–515 | 1.01 | 2.01 |
8 | 5.98 | y = 26,538x + 138 | 0.9982 | 14–450 | 1.76 | 3.52 |
9 | 6.20 | y = 1,000,000x − 316 | 0.9997 | 4–225 | 1.95 | 3.91 |
10 | 7.19 | y = 39,302x − 79 | 0.9950 | 34–550 | 4.29 | 8.59 |
11 | 7.56 | y = 4487.7x + 138 | 0.9970 | 138–2200 | 34.78 | 68.75 |
12 | 8.10 | y = 7394.2x − 221 | 0.9953 | 61–1960 | 15.31 | 30.63 |
13 | 8.29 | y = 241,665x − 183 | 0.9996 | 9–275 | 1.95 | 3.91 |
14 | 9.86 | y = 171,530x + 43 | 0.9965 | 8–250 | 0.98 | 1.95 |
15 | 10.80 | y = 539,951x + 1515 | 0.9997 | 9–275 | 0.52 | 1.07 |
16 | 11.22 | y = 80,694x + 567 | 0.9976 | 31–1000 | 1.95 | 3.91 |
17 | 14.99 | y = 52,124x + 336 | 0.9996 | 16–500 | 1.95 | 3.91 |
18 | 15.34 | y = 6715.3x + 552 | 0.9979 | 63–2020 | 15.78 | 31.56 |
19 | 15.82 | y = 88,679x + 137 | 0.9980 | 15–475 | 1.86 | 3.71 |
20 | 16.26 | y = 152,918x − 781 | 0.9994 | 16–500 | 1.93 | 3.96 |
21 | 16.91 | y = 107,317x + 1172 | 0.9966 | 7–248 | 0.97 | 1.93 |
22 | 19.02 | y = 60,120x + 92 | 0.9989 | 15–475 | 3.71 | 7.42 |
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Xia, Y.-G.; Song, Y.; Liang, J.; Guo, X.-D.; Yang, B.-Y.; Kuang, H.-X. Quality Analysis of American Ginseng Cultivated in Heilongjiang Using UPLC-ESI−-MRM-MS with Chemometric Methods. Molecules 2018, 23, 2396. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules23092396
Xia Y-G, Song Y, Liang J, Guo X-D, Yang B-Y, Kuang H-X. Quality Analysis of American Ginseng Cultivated in Heilongjiang Using UPLC-ESI−-MRM-MS with Chemometric Methods. Molecules. 2018; 23(9):2396. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules23092396
Chicago/Turabian StyleXia, Yong-Gang, Yan Song, Jun Liang, Xin-Dong Guo, Bing-You Yang, and Hai-Xue Kuang. 2018. "Quality Analysis of American Ginseng Cultivated in Heilongjiang Using UPLC-ESI−-MRM-MS with Chemometric Methods" Molecules 23, no. 9: 2396. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules23092396