A Systems-Level Analysis of Mechanisms of Platycodon grandiflorum Based on A Network Pharmacological Approach
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Compound Analysis
3. Construction of PG Compound–Target–Disease (CTD) Network
4. Target Analysis
5. Pathway Analysis
6. Disease Analysis
7. Concluding Remarks and Future Directions
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Gene Name | Protein Name | Target Degrees | Pharmacological Activities in Uniprot |
---|---|---|---|
PRSS1 | Trypsin-1 | 17 | - |
DPP4 | Dipeptidyl peptidase IV | 16 | Immune activitiesAnti-diabetic activitiesAnti-microbial activities |
ESR1 | Estrogen receptor | 12 | Anti-inflammatory activitiesAnti-cancer activitiesAnti-tumor activities |
PTGS2 | Prostaglandin G/H synthase 2 | 12 | Anti-inflammatory activitiesAnti-cancer activitiesAnti-tumor activities |
PTGS1 | Prostaglandin G/H synthase 1 | 12 | Anti-inflammatory activities |
ADH1C | Alcohol dehydrogenase 1C | 12 | - |
AR | Androgen receptor | 10 | Anti-cancer activities |
NOS2 | Nitric oxide synthase, inducible | 9 | Anti-tumor activitiesAnti-microbial activitiesAnti-inflammatory activities |
CA2 | Carbonic anhydrase II | 9 | Anti-cancer activities |
F2 | Prothrombin | 9 | Cardiovascular activities |
Cluster No. | Enriched Pathway |
---|---|
Cluster 1 | Pathways in cancer |
Cluster 2 | PI3K signaling pathway |
Cluster 3 | HIF-1 signaling pathway |
Cluster 4 | Proteoglycans in cancer |
Cluster 5 | Estrogen signaling pathway |
Cluster 6 | AGE/RAGE signaling pathway in diabetic complications, apoptosis, T-cell receptor signaling pathway, Chagas disease (American trypanosomiasis), TNF signaling pathway, influenza A |
Cluster 7 | Insulin signaling pathway, thyroid hormone signaling pathway, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), insulin resistance |
Cluster 8 | Prostate cancer, bladder cancer, pancreatic cancer, glioma, melanoma |
Cluster 9 | Measles, Epstein–Barr virus infection, small-cell lung cancer, hepatitis B, viral carcinogenesis |
Disease Name | Degree (From the 1st Level Threshold) | Disease Name | Degree (From the 1st Level Threshold) |
---|---|---|---|
Cancer, unspecific | 11 | Alcoholism | 3 |
Breast cancer | 9 | Bladder cancer | 3 |
Pancreatic cancer | 7 | Neurodegenerative diseases | 3 |
Alzheimer’s disease | 7 | Brain injury | 3 |
Prostate cancer | 7 | Schizophrenia | 3 |
Inflammation | 5 | Hepatocellular carcinoma | 3 |
Cardiovascular disease, unspecified | 5 | Multiple sclerosis | 3 |
Non-small-cell lung cancer | 5 | Chronic inflammatory diseases | 3 |
Non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus | 5 | Diabetes mellitus | 3 |
Solid tumors | 5 | Osteoarthritis | 3 |
Renal cell carcinoma | 4 | Anxiety disorder, unspecified | 3 |
Obesity | 4 | Rheumatoid arthritis, unspecified | 3 |
Multiple myeloma | 4 | Crohn’s disease, unspecified | 3 |
Lung cancer | 4 | Asthma | 3 |
Disease Name | Relative Degree (From the 1st Level Threshold) | Disease Name | Relative Degree (From the 1st Level Threshold) |
---|---|---|---|
Hepatocellular carcinoma | 0.82 | Pancreatic cancer | 0.53 |
Gastric cancer | 0.81 | Solid tumor | 0.53 |
Prostate cancer (metastatic) | 0.80 | HCV infection | 0.52 |
Small-cell lung cancer | 0.79 | Head and neck tumors | 0.52 |
Renal cell carcinoma | 0.75 | Lymphangiomatosis | 0.52 |
Squamous cell carcinoma | 0.66 | Non-small cell lung cancer | 0.51 |
Endometrial carcinoma | 0.62 | Prostate cancer | 0.49 |
Metastatic osteosarcoma in the lung | 0.62 | Colorectal cancer | 0.48 |
Leukemia, unspecified | 0.61 | Hormone-refractory prostate cancer | 0.47 |
Tumors | 0.59 | Kaposi’s sarcoma | 0.47 |
Breast cancer | 0.56 | Lung cancer | 0.47 |
Mesothelioma | 0.55 | Obesity | 0.45 |
Glioblastoma multiforme | 0.54 | Solid tumors | 0.34 |
Insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus | 0.53 |
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Park, M.; Park, S.-Y.; Lee, H.-J.; Kim, C.-E. A Systems-Level Analysis of Mechanisms of Platycodon grandiflorum Based on A Network Pharmacological Approach. Molecules 2018, 23, 2841. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules23112841
Park M, Park S-Y, Lee H-J, Kim C-E. A Systems-Level Analysis of Mechanisms of Platycodon grandiflorum Based on A Network Pharmacological Approach. Molecules. 2018; 23(11):2841. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules23112841
Chicago/Turabian StylePark, Musun, Sa-Yoon Park, Hae-Jeung Lee, and Chang-Eop Kim. 2018. "A Systems-Level Analysis of Mechanisms of Platycodon grandiflorum Based on A Network Pharmacological Approach" Molecules 23, no. 11: 2841. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules23112841