The Sesquiterpenes β-Caryophyllene and Caryophyllene Oxide Isolated from Senecio salignus Act as Phytogrowth and Photosynthesis Inhibitors
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results and Discussion
2.1. Sesquiterpene Isolation and ATP Synthesis Determination
2.2. Effects of 1 and 2 on Germination and Root and Stem Growth of E. cruss-galli and P. ixocarpa
Conc. [µg/mL] | Root Elongation (%) p | Shoot Elongation (%) p | Germination (%) | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
50 | 42 | 0.0046 | 16 | 0.075 | 0 |
100 | 44 | 6.04 × 10−4 | 18 | 0.06 | 0 |
150 | 53 | 1.94 × 10−4 | 19 | 0.064 | 4 |
2.3. Postemergence Activity of 1 and 2 on Biomass Production of P. ixocarpa and L. perenne Plants
P. ixocarpa | L. perenne | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
Comp / Conc. | G | % | g | % |
Control | 0.7203 ± 0.184 | 100 | 1.068 ± 0.031 | 100 |
DCMU | 0.533 ± 0.053 | 74 | 0.897 ± 0.054 | 84 |
(1) / [µg/mL] | ||||
25 | 0.663 ± 0.03 | 92 | 1.107 ± 0.142 | 104 |
50 | 0.575 ± 0.021 | 80 | 0.879 ± 0.132 | 82 |
100 | 0.45 ± 0.104 | 63 | 0.908 ± 0.197 | 85 |
(2) / [µg/mL] | ||||
25 | 0.685 ± 0.055 | 95 | 0.953 ± 0.111 | 89 |
50 | 0.654 ± 0.065 | 91 | 0.962 ± 0.117 | 90 |
100 | 0.657 ± 0.02 | 78 | 1.02 ± 0.111 | 96 |
2.4. Localization of the Target of 1 on Photosynthetic Electron Transport Chain Studied by the Fluorescence of Chl a in Vivo Technique on Leaves of P. ixocarpa and L. perenne Plants
24 h | 48 h | 72 h | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
(1) [µg/mL] | ABS/RC | Active RC (%) | ABS/RC | Active RC (%) | ABS/RC | Active RC (%) |
0 | 1.91 ± 0.19 | 100 | 2.053 ± 0.25 | 100 | 2.282 ± 0.27 | 100 |
25 | 1.736 ± 0.11 | 110 | 1.992 ± 0.14 | 103 | 1.888 ± 0.08 | 120 |
50 | 2.09 ± 0.22 | 91 | 2.273 ± 0.13 | 90 | 2.66 ± 0.5 | 86 |
100 | 1.98 ± .25 | 96 | 3.323 ± 1.49 | 62 | 16.13 ± 3.4 | 14 |
3. Experimental
3.1. General
3.1.1. Reagents
3.1.2. Methods
3.1.2.1. Tested Material
3.1.2.2. Chloroplast Isolation and Chlorophyll Determination
3.1.2.3. Determination of ATP Synthesis
3.1.2.4. Chlorophyll a Fluorescence of PS II
3.1.2.5. Seed Germination Bioassays
3.1.2.6. Plant Material for in Vivo Assays
4. Conclusions
Acknowledgments
References and Notes
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Sánchez-Muñoz, B.A.; Aguilar, M.I.; King-Díaz, B.; Rivero, J.F.; Lotina-Hennsen, B. The Sesquiterpenes β-Caryophyllene and Caryophyllene Oxide Isolated from Senecio salignus Act as Phytogrowth and Photosynthesis Inhibitors. Molecules 2012, 17, 1437-1447. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules17021437
Sánchez-Muñoz BA, Aguilar MI, King-Díaz B, Rivero JF, Lotina-Hennsen B. The Sesquiterpenes β-Caryophyllene and Caryophyllene Oxide Isolated from Senecio salignus Act as Phytogrowth and Photosynthesis Inhibitors. Molecules. 2012; 17(2):1437-1447. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules17021437
Chicago/Turabian StyleSánchez-Muñoz, B. Arturo, Maria Isabel Aguilar, Beatriz King-Díaz, José Fausto Rivero, and Blas Lotina-Hennsen. 2012. "The Sesquiterpenes β-Caryophyllene and Caryophyllene Oxide Isolated from Senecio salignus Act as Phytogrowth and Photosynthesis Inhibitors" Molecules 17, no. 2: 1437-1447. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules17021437