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Article

Scaling Analysis of an Image Encryption Scheme Based on Chaotic Dynamical Systems

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Insituto de Investigación en Comunicación Óptica, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, Álvaro Obregón 64, 78000 San Luis Potosí, Mexico
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Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, Av. Chapultepec 1570, Priv. del Pedregal, 78295 San Luis Potosí, Mexico
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Laboratorio Nacional CI3M, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, Av. Chapultepec 1570, Priv. del Pedregal, 78295 San Luis Potosí, Mexico
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Coordinación Académica Región Altiplano Oeste, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, Carretera Salinas-Santo Domingo 200 Salinas, 78600 San Luis Potosí, Mexico
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Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Academic Editor: Dimitri Volchenkov
Entropy 2021, 23(6), 672; https://doi.org/10.3390/e23060672
Received: 15 April 2021 / Revised: 19 May 2021 / Accepted: 23 May 2021 / Published: 27 May 2021
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Entropic Forces in Complex Systems)
Despite that many image encryption systems based on chaotic or hyperchaotic systems have been proposed to protect different kinds of information, it has been crucial to achieve as much security as possible in such systems. In this sense, we numerically implement a known image encryption system with some variants, making special emphasis when two operations are considered in the scrambling stage. The variants of such an encryption system are based on some hyperchaotic systems, which generated some substitution boxes and the keys of the system. With the aim to have a more complete evaluation, some internal stages of the image encryption scheme have been evaluated by using common statistical tests, and also the scaling behavior of the encrypted images has been calculated by means of a two-dimensional detrended fluctuation analysis (2D-DFA). Our results show that the image encryption systems that include two operations or transformations in the scrambling stage present a better performance than those encryption systems that consider just one operation. In fact, the 2D-DFA approach was more sensitive than some common statistical tests to determine more clearly the impact of multiple operations in the scrambling process, confirming that this scaling method can be used as a perceptual security metric, and it may contribute to having better image encryption systems. View Full-Text
Keywords: image encryption system; S-box; two-dimensional multifractal detrended fluctuation analysis image encryption system; S-box; two-dimensional multifractal detrended fluctuation analysis
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MDPI and ACS Style

Reyes-López, L.E.; Murguía, J.S.; González-Aguilar, H.; Ramírez-Torres, M.T.; Mejía-Carlos, M.; Armijo-Correa, J.O. Scaling Analysis of an Image Encryption Scheme Based on Chaotic Dynamical Systems. Entropy 2021, 23, 672. https://doi.org/10.3390/e23060672

AMA Style

Reyes-López LE, Murguía JS, González-Aguilar H, Ramírez-Torres MT, Mejía-Carlos M, Armijo-Correa JO. Scaling Analysis of an Image Encryption Scheme Based on Chaotic Dynamical Systems. Entropy. 2021; 23(6):672. https://doi.org/10.3390/e23060672

Chicago/Turabian Style

Reyes-López, L. E., J. S. Murguía, H. González-Aguilar, M. T. Ramírez-Torres, M. Mejía-Carlos, and J. O. Armijo-Correa. 2021. "Scaling Analysis of an Image Encryption Scheme Based on Chaotic Dynamical Systems" Entropy 23, no. 6: 672. https://doi.org/10.3390/e23060672

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