Clinical and Experimental Research in Dentistry and Bioactive Materials, 2nd Edition

Topic Information

Dear Colleagues,

This Topic is a continuation of the previous successful Topic “Clinical and Experimental Research in Dentistry and Bioactive Materials”.

We invite researchers with an expertise in dentistry to contribute to this Topic entitled “Clinical and Experimental Research in Dentistry and Bioactive Materials, 2nd Edition”, with an emphasis on bioactive materials. Innovations in both dental materials and techniques are dynamic in nature, partly driven by various challenges over the last 30 years—for example, environmental issues impacting the clinical use of amalgam restoration, consumer demand for improved aesthetics, and the need for improvements in the materials to prevent marginal leakage, secondary caries and wear in the composite resin restorations, as well as enabling these materials to be bioactive in nature. The development of these products as well as varnishes, glass ionomer cements, fluoride-containing glasses, ACP-CCP, functional tricalcium phosphate, silver diamine fluoride (SDF), resin infiltration and self-assembling proteins, etc., for the treatment of early carious lesions and tooth sensitivity has been a challenge both for manufactures and researchers, and there is a requirement to perform well-designed clinical trials to evaluate these products once they have been successfully evaluated in the laboratory to establish their effectiveness in terms of durability and fluoride release at sustainable levels. The aim of this Topic is to review the innovations (including laboratory techniques) for the evaluation and treatment of early carious lesions (remineralization and/or resin infiltration), secondary caries and tooth sensitivity in general, as well as including papers that evaluate the bioactivity of these products in both the laboratory and clinical environments.

Dr. David Gillam
Dr. Luciana Fávaro Francisconi-dos-Rios
Topic Editors

Keywords

Participating Journals

Journal Name	Impact Factor	CiteScore	Launched Year	First Decision (median)	APC
Dentistry Journal dentistry	3.1	4.1	2013	25.4 Days	CHF 2000	Submit
Journal of Functional Biomaterials jfb	5.2	6.8	2010	16.8 Days	CHF 2700	Submit
Materials materials	3.2	6.4	2008	15.5 Days	CHF 2600	Submit
Medicina medicina	2.4	4.1	1920	17.5 Days	CHF 2200	Submit

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Published Papers (3 papers)

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21 pages, 20623 KB  

Open AccessArticle

Development and Ex Vivo Evaluation of a Thermoreversible Silver Nanoparticle-Loaded Gel as a Biocompatible Intracanal Medicament

by Shih-Min Hsia, Ming-Gene Tu, Wen-Hao Yang, Tong-Hong Wang, Yin-Hwa Shih and Tzong-Ming Shieh

J. Funct. Biomater. 2026, 17(4), 180; https://doi.org/10.3390/jfb17040180 - 6 Apr 2026

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Abstract

Inspired by their biocompatibility and thermoreversible gelation—transitioning from room temperature liquids to body temperature gels—Pluronic hydrogels were employed in this study to optimize intracanal penetration and ensure medicament stability. We developed a silver nanoparticle (AgNP)-loaded Pluronic gel (AgNPs-P-gel) as a biocompatible, easily removable [...] Read more.

Inspired by their biocompatibility and thermoreversible gelation—transitioning from room temperature liquids to body temperature gels—Pluronic hydrogels were employed in this study to optimize intracanal penetration and ensure medicament stability. We developed a silver nanoparticle (AgNP)-loaded Pluronic gel (AgNPs-P-gel) as a biocompatible, easily removable intracanal medicament. Following PRILE 2021 guidelines, AgNPs-P-gels (F127/F68) were evaluated for gelation, AgNP release, and antibacterial activity against Enterococcus faecalis and Streptococcus mutans via minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC), and growth curves. Biofilms in bovine teeth were quantified using CFUs and scanning electron microscope (SEM) imaging. Biocompatibility was tested in L-929 fibroblasts using MTT assays and RT-qPCR for pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, TNF-α, IL-1β). Removal efficacy from bovine canals was microscopically scored. The optimized formulation (20% F127, 7.5% F68) gelled at 34 °C with sustained release over 168 h. AgNPs-P-gel showed strong antibacterial activity (MIC: 25–50 µg/mL). In ex vivo models, 100 µg/mL AgNPs-P-gel (AgNPs-100-P-gel) reduced bacterial counts comparably to calcium hydroxide and chlorhexidine, but with lower cytotoxicity. Although inducing cytokine expression similar to conventional medicaments, AgNPs-P-gel demonstrated significantly superior removability. Thermoreversible AgNPs-P-gel offers sustained antimicrobial action, favorable biocompatibility, and superior removability, potentially improving endodontic disinfection predictability as a calcium hydroxide alternative. Full article

(This article belongs to the Topic Clinical and Experimental Research in Dentistry and Bioactive Materials, 2nd Edition)

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20 pages, 1305 KB  

Open AccessSystematic Review

Dentinal Grafts, a Promising Material for Alveolar Defects: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

by Syed Kowsar Ahamed, Saverio Cosola, Ali Abdullah Alqarni, Shaimaa Mohammed Alarabi, Naif Alwithanani, Fahad Saeed Algahtani, Giovanni Battista Menchini-Fabris, Yasemin Sezgin and Roshan Noor Mohamed

Dent. J. 2026, 14(2), 100; https://doi.org/10.3390/dj14020100 - 10 Feb 2026

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Abstract

Background: Post-extraction alveolar ridge is an important factor affecting dental implant restoration. Among myriads of bone grafting materials, dentinal grafts are gaining faster popularity among clinicians. Unlike conventional xenografts derived from animal sources, these autogenous materials may offer advantages in terms of [...] Read more.

Background: Post-extraction alveolar ridge is an important factor affecting dental implant restoration. Among myriads of bone grafting materials, dentinal grafts are gaining faster popularity among clinicians. Unlike conventional xenografts derived from animal sources, these autogenous materials may offer advantages in terms of biocompatibility and cost. Objective: This article aims to compare their performance with other commonly used materials, like xenografts, or natural blood clots and to examine whether they could maintain bone quality and quantity during socket healing with better properties than the rest of the graft materials in terms of implants success rate. Methods: This search was conducted in multiple medical databases (PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, Cochrane Library, Embase, and Google Scholar) for studies published between 2015 and 2025. This search focused exclusively on randomized controlled trials. The study quality was assigned by using the Cochrane Risk of Bias 2 tool, performing statistical pooling of results using random-effects meta-analysis when appropriate. Results: Eight randomized controlled trials involving 249 patients and 281 bone graft sites were selected according to inclusion and exclusion criteria. Dentinal grafts produced significant increase in formation of new bone compared to xenografts (12.4% greater, 95% CI: 6.8–18.0%, p < 0.001). The grafts also resorbed more completely, leaving less foreign material behind (8.6% less residual material, p < 0.001). Importantly, implants placed in bone preserved with dentinal grafts showed comparable stability and success rates to those in bone treated with xenografts. When compared to allowing sockets to heal naturally, dentinal grafts dramatically reduced bone loss by 60–70% horizontally and 65–75% vertically. Remarkably only minor complications were observed (2.2%), with no serious adverse events across all studies. Conclusions: Our analysis indicates that dentinal grafts represent a viable and potentially superior alternative to conventional xenografts for not only preserving alveolar bone after tooth extraction but also in any existing bone defects. The evidence particularly supports using partially demineralized preparations. These materials demonstrate excellent biocompatibility, produce good bone quality, and offer cost advantages. Full article

(This article belongs to the Topic Clinical and Experimental Research in Dentistry and Bioactive Materials, 2nd Edition)

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25 pages, 13512 KB  

Open AccessArticle

Vitamin D-Loaded Chitosan Nanostructures for Bone Regeneration: A Combined In Vitro and In Vivo Evaluation in an Osteoporotic Rat Model

by Corina Giorgiana Muresan, Ioana Codruta Mirica, Alina Forray, Nausica Petrescu, Olga Soritau, Luciana-Mădălina Gherman, Simina Angela Lăcrimioara Iusan, Evelyn Vanea, Emilia Oprita, Ana Condor, Maria Aluas, Carmen Mihaela Mihu, Bianca Adina Boşca, Lavinia Patricia Mocan, Madalin Mihai Onofrei, Raluca Maria Pop, Bianca-Astrid Andone, Lucian Barbu-Tudoran, Sanda Boca, Mihaela Hedesiu and Patricia Ondine Lucaciuadd Show full author list remove Hide full author list

Medicina 2026, 62(1), 73; https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina62010073 - 29 Dec 2025

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Abstract

Background and Objectives: Reduced bone quality due to osteoporosis significantly complicates oral rehabilitation and bone regeneration therapies. While Vitamin D (Vit. D3) is crucial for osteogenesis, systemic administration often lacks local efficacy. This study aimed to evaluate the osteoregenerative potential of a [...] Read more.

Background and Objectives: Reduced bone quality due to osteoporosis significantly complicates oral rehabilitation and bone regeneration therapies. While Vitamin D (Vit. D3) is crucial for osteogenesis, systemic administration often lacks local efficacy. This study aimed to evaluate the osteoregenerative potential of a novel Chitosan-based nanostructured scaffold (NS) loaded with Vit. D3, underlining its efficacy in vitro and in an ovariectomized (OVX) rat model of osteoporosis. Materials and Methods: Chitosan NSs were fabricated with varying Vit. D3 concentrations. In vitro assessments included cytotoxicity (MTT assay), cell viability (Alamar Blue), and mineralization (Alizarin Red) using human dental follicle stem cells. In vivo, 30 Wistar rats were ovariectomized to induce osteoporosis (confirmed by biomarkers Osteocalcin and β-CTX) and were divided into three groups (n = 10). Bilateral maxillary bone defects were treated with (1) a Control (clot only), (2) a Hemostatic Sponge with Vit. D3 (HS/Vit. D3), or (3) an NS loaded with Vit. D3 (NS/Vit. D3-6.25 ng/mL). Histological and morphometric analyses were performed at 4 and 8 weeks. Results: In vitro, the NS loaded with 6.25 ng/mL Vit. D3 demonstrated superior cytocompatibility, achieving a cell viability of 117.77% at 72 h and significantly enhanced calcium nodule deposition compared to controls. In vivo, a total of 44 defect sites were analyzed following the exclusion of compromised samples (Control: 16 sites; HS/Vit. D3: 16 sites; NS/Vit. D3: 12 sites). The NS/Vit. D3-6.25 ng/mL group exhibited the highest degree of mature bone formation and vascularization (p < 0.05) compared to the Control and HS/Vit. D3 groups. While cellular activity (osteoblasts/osteocytes) was initially higher in the HS/Vit. D3 group, the NS/Vit. D3-6.25 ng/mL group achieved superior structural integration and scaffold replacement by mature bone tissue over time. Conclusions: The novel Vit. D3-loaded Chitosan NS effectively promotes bone regeneration in osteoporotic conditions. It supports osteogenic differentiation in vitro and enhances bone matrix maturation in vivo, suggesting its potential as a bioactive scaffold for regenerative dentistry. Full article

(This article belongs to the Topic Clinical and Experimental Research in Dentistry and Bioactive Materials, 2nd Edition)

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