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Keywords = xerostomy

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16 pages, 401 KB  
Review
The Impact of Radioiodine (131I) Therapy of Thyroid Disease on Salivary Glands Function and Inflammation: A Comprehensive Review
by Pietro Bellini, Francesco Dondi, Carlo Cappelli, Elisa Gatta, Davide Lombardi, Claudio Casella, Riccardo Morandi, Gianluca Viganò, Luca Camoni, Michela Cossandi, Valentina Zilioli and Francesco Bertagna
Biomedicines 2025, 13(6), 1404; https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines13061404 - 7 Jun 2025
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 6154
Abstract
Radioactive iodine therapy has been a well-established treatment for various thyroid conditions since the 1940s, targeting both benign diseases and malignancies. Treatment for benign conditions typically involves low doses of 131I, often requiring no more than two treatments, with the dose either fixed [...] Read more.
Radioactive iodine therapy has been a well-established treatment for various thyroid conditions since the 1940s, targeting both benign diseases and malignancies. Treatment for benign conditions typically involves low doses of 131I, often requiring no more than two treatments, with the dose either fixed or personalized based on thyroid tissue mass and iodine uptake. In contrast, differentiated thyroid cancer treatment often requires higher doses and multiple administrations, especially for metastatic cases. Recent guidelines and studies have proposed more conservative management strategies, including careful follow-up, due to concerns over the high risk–benefit ratio in selected cases with a low risk of disease recrudescence. Despite its possible efficacy, radioiodine therapy is associated with dose-dependent side effects, the most common of which is salivary gland dysfunction or inflammation, affecting approximately 30% of adult patients. These effects pose significant challenges in nuclear medicine practice. This review aims to summarize the latest evidence on the incidence, impact on quality of life, prevention strategies and the role of these side effects in the decision-making process regarding RAI therapy. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Thyroid Disease: From Mechanism to Therapeutic Approaches)
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12 pages, 1065 KB  
Article
Antimicrobial and Antibiofilm Activity of Chitosan on the Oral Pathogen Candida albicans
by Eduardo Costa, Sara Silva, Freni Tavaria and Manuela Pintado
Pathogens 2014, 3(4), 908-919; https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens3040908 - 11 Dec 2014
Cited by 73 | Viewed by 9906
Abstract
Oral candidiasis is particularly evident, not only in cancer patients receiving chemotherapy, but also in elderly people with xerostomy. In general, Candida is an opportunistic pathogen, causing infections in immunocompromised people and, in some cases, when the natural microbiota is altered. Chitosan, a [...] Read more.
Oral candidiasis is particularly evident, not only in cancer patients receiving chemotherapy, but also in elderly people with xerostomy. In general, Candida is an opportunistic pathogen, causing infections in immunocompromised people and, in some cases, when the natural microbiota is altered. Chitosan, a natural derivative of chitin, is a polysaccharide that has been proven to possess a broad spectrum of antimicrobial activity that encompasses action against fungi, yeast and bacteria. While recent studies have revealed a significant antibiofilm activity upon several microorganisms, including C. albicans, little is known regarding the impact of chitosan upon the adhesive process or mature biofilms. With that in mind, the purpose of this work was to evaluate, in vitro, the capability of chitosan to inhibit C. albicans growth and biofilm formation. The results obtained showed that chitosan is capable of inhibiting C. albicans planktonic growth (HMW, 1 mg/mL; LMW, 3 mg/mL). Regarding biofilm growth, chitosan inhibited C. albicans adhesion (ca. 95%), biofilm formation (percentages above 90%) and reduced mature biofilms by ca. 65% and dual species biofilms (C. albicans and S. mutans) by ca. 70%. These results display the potential of this molecule to be used as an effective anti-Candida agent capable of acting upon C. albicans infections. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biofilm-Based Nosocomial Infections)
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