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Keywords = threshability

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12 pages, 2064 KB  
Article
Evaluation and Comparative Analysis of Meteorological Data, Moisture Content, and Rice Panicle Threshability
by Tímea Szalóki, Árpád Székely, Flórián Tóth, Ákos Tarnawa, Noémi Valkovszki and Mihály Jancsó
Agronomy 2022, 12(3), 744; https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy12030744 - 20 Mar 2022
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 3228
Abstract
Harvesting and threshing are crucial processes that influence the quantity, quality, and economic efficiency of rice production. Therefore, the threshability of rice varieties is an important agronomic trait for breeding programs. However, selection for threshability is hardly standardized. With the application of an [...] Read more.
Harvesting and threshing are crucial processes that influence the quantity, quality, and economic efficiency of rice production. Therefore, the threshability of rice varieties is an important agronomic trait for breeding programs. However, selection for threshability is hardly standardized. With the application of an improved threshing meter, the threshability of four local temperate japonica rice varieties was determined during the ripening phase (DAF 37–60) in three consecutive years. Panicle threshing force (TF in N) was measured parallel with seed moisture content (MC) to describe differences in ripening habits of the genotypes. Shapes of the separation pilei were observed and the relationship with the different types of grain shattering was found. The different threshability patterns of the genotypes were found as quite stable along these periods. Moreover, correlation among TF, MC, and 5-day averages of meteorological parameters during the ripening phase was determined. Precipitation, Tmean, Tmax, and relative humidity had a significant influence on the MC. Based on our results, the MC had a low but significant positive correlation with the TF (0.312 *). Full article
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14 pages, 1319 KB  
Article
A Digital PCR Assay to Quantify the Percentages of Hulled vs. Hulless Wheat in Flours and Flour-Based Products
by Caterina Morcia, Raffaella Bergami, Sonia Scaramagli, Chiara Delogu, Lorella Andreani, Paola Carnevali, Giorgio Tumino, Roberta Ghizzoni and Valeria Terzi
Biology 2021, 10(11), 1138; https://doi.org/10.3390/biology10111138 - 5 Nov 2021
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2879
Abstract
Several food products, made from hulled wheats, are now offered by the market, ranging from grains and pasta to flour and bakery products. The possibility of verifying the authenticity of wheat species used at any point in the production chain is relevant, in [...] Read more.
Several food products, made from hulled wheats, are now offered by the market, ranging from grains and pasta to flour and bakery products. The possibility of verifying the authenticity of wheat species used at any point in the production chain is relevant, in defense of both producers and consumers. A chip digital PCR assay has been developed to detect and quantify percentages of hulless (i.e., common and durum wheat) and hulled (i.e., einkorn, emmer and spelt) wheats in grains, flours and food products. The assay has been designed on a polymorphism in the miRNA172 target site of the AP2-5 transcription factor localized on chromosome 5A and involved in wheat spike morphogenesis and grain threshability. The assay has been evaluated even in a real-time PCR system to assess its applicability and to compare the analytical costs between dPCR and real-time PCR approaches. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Digital PCR and Plant Studies)
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15 pages, 2079 KB  
Article
Multi-Allelic Haplotype-Based Association Analysis Identifies Genomic Regions Controlling Domestication Traits in Intermediate Wheatgrass
by Prabin Bajgain and James A. Anderson
Agriculture 2021, 11(7), 667; https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture11070667 - 15 Jul 2021
Cited by 12 | Viewed by 4978
Abstract
Intermediate wheatgrass (IWG) is a perennial forage grass undergoing a rigorous domestication as a grain crop. As a young grain crop, several agronomic and domestication traits need improvement for IWG to be relevant in current agricultural landscapes. This study genetically maps six domestication [...] Read more.
Intermediate wheatgrass (IWG) is a perennial forage grass undergoing a rigorous domestication as a grain crop. As a young grain crop, several agronomic and domestication traits need improvement for IWG to be relevant in current agricultural landscapes. This study genetically maps six domestication traits in the fourth cycle IWG breeding population at the University of Minnesota: height, seed length, seed width, shattering, threshability, and seed mass. A weak population structure was observed and linkage disequilibrium (r2) declined rapidly: 0.23 mega base pairs at conventional r2 value of 0.2. Broad-sense heritabilities were overall high and ranged from 0.71–0.92. Association analysis was carried out using 25,909 single SNP markers and 5379 haplotype blocks. Thirty-one SNP markers and 17 haplotype blocks were significantly associated with the domestication traits. These associations were of moderate effect as they explained 4–6% of the observed phenotypic variation. Ten SNP markers were also detected by the haplotype association analysis. One SNP marker on Chromosome 8, also discovered in haplotype block analysis, was common between seed length and seed mass. Increasing the frequency of favorable alleles in IWG populations via marker-assisted selection and genomic selection is an effective approach to improve IWG’s domestication traits. Full article
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