Search Results (80)

Students with special needs often require more assistance and attention to meet their educational needs. However, schools frequently grapple with a critical shortage of special education teachers and support staff. This shortage of special education teachers can result in limited resources for general and subject teachers (e.g., math, science), making it challenging to provide individualized support to students with special needs. Specifically, subject teachers may struggle to design effective curricular content modifications and accommodations for such students without the guidance and suggestions of special education teachers. Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies can provide some support for teachers and schools in meeting the needs of students with special needs. Also, AI may help reduce teachers’ workload. In this technology review, we assess the capabilities of Magic School AI (MSAI) in providing accommodations and modifications to assist teachers in streamlining their workload and fostering inclusivity in their classrooms. We examined five functions: text leveler, text scaffolders, assignment scaffolder, exemplar and non-examples, and sentence starters. Additionally, we discuss the limitations of MSAI and conclude by suggesting potential improvements for the system. Full article

In alignment with global educational trends, Australia has adopted a pluralistic approach to initial teacher education (ITE), encompassing traditional university-based programs, employment-integrated models and vocational training routes. This diversification of pathways has emerged as a strategic response to persistent workforce challenges, including chronic shortages, uneven distribution of qualified educators, and limited demographic diversity within the profession. Rather than supplanting conventional ITE models, these alternative pathways serve as complementary options, broadening access and enhancing system responsiveness to evolving societal and educational needs. The rise in non-traditional routes represents a deliberate response to the well-documented global teacher shortage, frequently examined in comparative educational research. Central to their design is a restructuring of traditional program elements, particularly duration and delivery methods, to facilitate more flexible and context-sensitive forms of teacher preparation. Such approaches often create opportunities for individuals who may be excluded from conventional pathways due to socioeconomic constraints, geographic isolation, or non-linear career trajectories. Significantly, the diversity introduced by alternative entry candidates has the potential to enrich school learning environments. These educators often bring a wide range of prior experiences, disciplinary knowledge, and cultural perspectives, contributing to more inclusive and representative teaching practices. The implications for student learning are substantial, particularly in disadvantaged communities where culturally and professionally diverse teachers may enhance engagement and academic outcomes. From a policy perspective, the development of flexible, multifaceted teacher education pathways constitutes a critical component of a sustainable workforce strategy. As demand for qualified teachers intensifies, especially in STEM disciplines and in rural, regional and remote areas, the role of alternative pathways is likely to become increasingly pivotal in achieving broader goals of equity, quality and innovation in teacher preparation. Full article

The shortage of skilled professionals in technical fields is further compounded by a lack of qualified teachers in STEM subjects, particularly in craft education, which is vital for developing technical competencies at the elementary level. The present study investigates the professionalisation of teachers in craft education and explores the prevalence and reasons for out-of-field teaching across three German federal states. The data presented herein were collected through an online survey administered in 2023 among teaching professionals in Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Sachsen, and Thüringen. The questionnaire was disseminated via head teachers to 1467 elementary schools, yielding a self-selection sample of 284 craft education teachers. The survey incorporated both closed- and open-ended questions, encompassing inquiries into teacher qualifications, subject-specific competence, and lesson planning. Quantitative data were analysed descriptively. The evaluation of open-ended responses employed a content-structuring content analysis approach, utilising categories that were inductively developed. The findings indicate that a considerable proportion of craft education is taught by educators who lack formal qualifications, thereby giving rise to concerns regarding the quality of instruction. The underlying factors contributing to this phenomenon include teacher shortages, personal interests, prior experience, and limited professional development opportunities. The findings emphasise the pressing necessity for enhanced teacher education and targeted training programmes to bolster instructional quality in technically oriented subjects. Full article

In addition to recruiting new staff, retaining qualified teachers and supporting their mental well-being are becoming key priorities in German schools. One crucial factor associated with well-being is the use of emotion management. Given the emotional demands of the teaching profession, this study examines teachers’ strategies to manage their work-related emotions and the role of school-based support in maintaining mental health. The analysis is based on interviews with 51 primary and secondary school teachers in Germany, using thematic analysis following Braun and Clarke. The results indicated that teachers employed various strategies to manage their emotions. In classroom settings, suppression—a response-focused strategy—was frequently used. Outside the classroom, teachers tended to seek emotional relief through attentional shifts and conversations with colleagues or family, which offer reassurance, cognitive reframing, and emotional release. The findings underscore the importance of a supportive school culture characterized by collegial exchange, supervision, counseling, and committed leadership. Such environments can reduce emotional strain and contribute significantly to teachers’ well-being. Implementing opportunities for consultation and collegial case discussion during working hours may represent a valuable investment in teacher retention, particularly in times of teacher shortages. Full article

In a climate of pervasive teacher shortages, initiatives have focused on attracting new teachers to the profession, with hardest-to-staff schools more likely to fill vacancies with early-career teachers, including those with conditional status. In Australia, workforce policy prioritises induction and mentoring to support transition to the profession and improve retention. This paper aims to understand mentor teacher experiences in hardest-to-staff schools, where a growing cohort of inexperienced teachers increases the need for mentoring. The analysis is based on data from semi-structured interviews conducted with teachers in six schools across two Australian states, as part of a larger project exploring work experiences of teachers in hardest-to-staff schools. In addition to formal mentoring, our findings illustrate that in these schools, informal and incidental mentoring is widespread. Further, the iterative nature of novice teacher induction creates a sense of ambivalence in longer-serving teachers. While experienced teachers find reward in supporting early-career colleagues, the hidden labour inherent to constant incidental mentoring encroaches on the time available to manage their own workload, sometimes leading to frustration and even resentment. We conclude that while mentoring is crucial with so many new entrants to the profession, policymakers should be aware of the labour associated with increased incidental mentoring to avoid unintended consequences for teachers who find themselves in the position of supporting growing numbers of new staff. Full article

Teachers are critical to the success of students, and when school districts struggle to fill vacant positions with highly qualified teachers, student success suffers. To mitigate the problems that persist with ongoing teacher shortages, we are at a critical juncture that calls for strategies that support districts in overcoming these shortfalls through reflective practice and inquiry in sustaining and scaling collaborative efforts through school and university partnerships. This paper discusses lessons learned during the first year of a ‘Grow-Your-Own’ collaborative partnership between a school district and a university educator preparation program. Reflections and lessons learned for continuous improvement are shared, related to student recruitment, enrollment, and retention. Full article

Ongoing teacher shortages have led to new teacher recruitment initiatives, including the introduction of teacher education into high schools through teacher career exploration courses. However, teacher educators taking up this work engage with pre-collegiate learners during a period of their lives that researchers have frequently characterized as harmful to conceptions of teaching. The purpose of this exploratory phenomenographic study is to inform teacher education work with high school students by surfacing their conceptions of teaching. Five high school students considering teaching careers participated in this study, which included three interviews per participant and participants’ creation of audio, textual, and/or visual artifacts. The author’s analysis revealed six categories describing participants’ conceptions of teaching: teaching as interpreting situations; discerning approaches, routines, and patterns; relating to teachers and learners; coping with dependencies; prioritizing beliefs and motivations; and merging various factors together. The implications of the findings for teacher learning and high school-based teacher education are discussed. Full article

Behaviors of concern (BoC) may be defined as persistent behaviors that impact the daily functioning and learning of children. They are behaviors that could pose a risk to their own safety or the safety of others. Supporting children with BoC is vital for student learning, success, and inclusion in both mainstream and special settings. Traditionally, the onus has been on the teacher to support and manage a classroom and all behaviors within that classroom. However, with an increase in BoC impacting school and class activities, targeted support in schools has become more common. Many factors have accelerated this shift, particularly the rise of burnout, lack of confidence, and aggressive behavior in schools, particularly in special school settings. The current study, through a Foucauldian power/knowledge and disciplinary theory paradigm, investigated whether having one specialist in the school aids the children and staff. A focused case study was conducted via seven semi-structured interviews with staff at one special school in the Republic of Ireland (RoI) with a full-time behavior specialist (BS) on site. The findings revealed that (1) the role of the BS is based on identifying BoC and implementing support, (2) having a behavior specialist is key for supporting children and staff in schools, (3) support and interventions are more sustainable once there is the presence of a specialist, and (4) challenges such as a lack of space, inadequate funding, large caseloads, staff shortages, and lack of time are a reality in the school setting. The main conclusion derived from this study is that having a BS in the school has a positive impact on the children, staff, and attitudes, providing both practical and pastoral power, which are essential for effective inclusive practices. Full article

This study examines the experiences of pre-service teachers (PSTs) participating in Australian state-and-territory-specific programs that address teacher workforce shortages in Australia. Using a multi-methods approach, data from surveys and interviews are used to explore the impact of these programs on PSTs’ academic outcomes, professional learning, and well-being. Situated learning theory underpins the analysis, emphasising communities of practice, legitimate peripheral participation, and self-identity development. The findings reveal significant benefits such as accelerated career growth, enhanced confidence, and the integration of theory and practice. Enablers include school mentorship, university flexibility, and financial compensation inclusive of paid teaching programs. However, challenges persist, including emotional and workload pressures, inconsistent mentorship, and ambiguous application processes. This study recommends improving policy implementation and support structures, advocating for streamlined application processes, strategic workload management, and enhanced mentorship. These findings could contribute to understanding the competing demands of PSTs and inform policy improvements for future educators. Full article

Science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) are crucial for economic development and play a significant role in achieving sustainable development goals. Despite this, there is a shortage of skilled STEM professionals and a declining interest in STEM education and careers. The Saudi Vision 2030 goal of economic diversification and sustainable development aims to transform Saudi Arabia into a knowledge-based economy driven by innovation and sustainability. This study investigates factors influencing adolescents’ attitudes toward STEM careers in Saudi Arabia, with comparative insights from Bahrain and Singapore. Structural equation models (SEM) were constructed for each country to analyze the influence of scientific self-concept, school belonging, and teacher effectiveness on students’ choices of science careers. Mediation analysis examined the interest and value of science as mediators in these relationships. Confirmatory factor analysis was conducted to validate model constructs before building SEM models. Data from TIMSS 2019 for eighth-grade students was used to develop model constructs based on relevant items from the student questionnaire. Findings reveal that students’ interest in and value of science significantly influence career decisions, with self-concept and teacher engagement playing crucial roles. Teacher effectiveness had the strongest impact on science interest in Saudi Arabia and Bahrain, while self-concept was most influential in Singapore. These results highlight the importance of fostering teacher engagement and self-concept to encourage students’ career paths in science. To support this, Saudi Arabia should enhance teacher training programs by integrating mentorship, active learning strategies, and technology driven instruction to improve student engagement. Adopting Singapore’s blended learning model can foster self-confidence and independence in STEM education, while hands-on learning and career exposure programs can strengthen students’ self-concept and long-term commitment to STEM fields. Additionally, expanding extracurricular STEM initiatives and industry partnerships will help connect classroom learning to real-world applications. By aligning STEM education reforms with these insights, Saudi Arabia can cultivate a skilled workforce that supports its economic transformation under Vision 2030. Full article

Teachers’ feelings of occupational or professional value (that is, the subjective experience of feeling a sense of competence or enjoyment derived from undertaking occupational activities or tasks) can significantly influence the retention of the workforce. The United Kingdom (UK) is currently undergoing a teacher shortage, which, despite efforts to strengthen recruitment, has failed to reduce attrition rates to an acceptable level. Through the lived experience of UK primary school teachers, this study aims to deepen our understanding of occupational value. It explores the various factors that shape this value while also examining the ways in which accountability measures influence these dynamics. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 10 UK primary school teachers. A thematic analysis revealed three main influential themes: Holistic Wellbeing; Professional Wellbeing; and Educational Dynamics. These results emphasise the importance of occupational value for the recruitment and retention of high-quality teachers. They also indicate that supportive collaboration and constructive accountability can positively influence perceptions of occupational value as well as personal resilience. Further research is needed in this area to substantiate these preliminary findings. Full article

Active methodologies emphasize student participation, autonomy, and skill development, offering an innovative approach to education. However, their implementation in Spain faces challenges, including limited teacher training, resource shortages, institutional constraints, and resistance from both educators and students. This research aims to explore teachers’ perceptions regarding the integration of active methodologies into their teaching practices. The research employed a quantitative, non-experimental, descriptive, and cross-sectional survey design to systematically analyze population characteristics. The study utilized a validated questionnaire with Likert-scale items to assess teachers’ use of active methodologies. Data were collected anonymously via Google Forms, ensuring confidentiality and a robust reliability (Cronbach’s alpha 0.942). The study sampled answers provided by 994 Spanish teachers aged 20–65 using stratified probabilistic sampling, ensuring representation across educational levels, disciplines, and urban–rural contexts. This study shows that teachers prefer traditional active methodologies, such as cooperative learning, while emerging technologies like artificial intelligence face limited adoption due to training gaps. Women show a greater inclination towards active methodologies, with minimal impact from geographical context. These findings underscore the importance of targeted teacher training and support the idea that it is of paramount importance to bridge the gaps in active methodology implementation, fostering inclusive, innovative, and student-centered learning environments across diverse educational contexts. Full article

Addressing the critical STEM teachers’ shortage in the rural United States requires not only recruiting new teachers but also improving retention and teacher resiliency. This study explores contextual protective factors through the Early Career Teacher Resilience (ECTR) framework. The major objective of this study was to evaluate the impacts of the NSF Noyce Professional Learning Community (PLC) on rural STEM teacher resilience. Key components of the Noyce PLC included scholarship support, pre-service mentoring, attendance at local and regional educational events, active engagement in the program’s annual summer conference, and participation in a closed Facebook group. We developed an ECTR framework-based online instrument with 28 questions and sent it to 311 university alumni, including 44 Noyce alumni. The results suggest that the Noyce PLC has excelled in fostering collaborative learning environments, providing resources that enhance teaching and learning, accommodating new and different ways of thinking, and supporting teachers’ professional growth beyond graduation. The findings underscore the importance of integrating theoretical and practical knowledge, supporting ongoing professional learning, and building strong professional relationships. Several aspects of the Noyce PLC could be replicated in other STEM teacher preparation programs to enhance teacher resilience, effectiveness, and career development. Full article

This autoethnographic study explores the lived experiences of an advanced-degree holder and educator with expertise in leadership and education policy who worked as a substitute teacher in the Clark County School District. Despite my qualifications, I often felt underutilized and disconnected, revealing systemic barriers within the educational system. Using distributed leadership theory, I examine these challenges and uncover the untapped leadership potential of substitutes to make meaningful contributions to P-12 education. This study proposes actionable solutions, including substitute profile systems, comprehensive onboarding programs, and structured mentorship initiatives. The findings highlight the importance of shared leadership in fostering equity, professional growth, and workforce stability, offering practical insights into how substitutes can transition from temporary roles to integral contributors within educational systems. Full article

The increase in the provision of English language teaching programs in primary school contexts in Asia has resulted in a concomitant increase in non-specialist teachers, often generalist homeroom teachers, to address the shortage. However, non-specialist teachers often lack the pedagogical training necessary for effective English instruction, which often negatively impacts their self-efficacy. This study was designed to examine the effects of a professional development workshop, aimed at improving “classroom English” proficiency, on these teachers’ self-efficacy. It also explored sources influencing self-efficacy during the in-class implementation of what they learned in the workshop. Quantitative results revealed that the immediate impact of the training was substantial, leading to a rapid increase in self-efficacy. However, this effect appeared to diminish after three months of teaching. Qualitative findings indicated that non-specialist teachers’ perceptions of capability were significantly influenced by collegial assurances and support from individuals who evaluated their progress and achievements. Notably, support from specialist teachers emerged as a critical factor in sustaining or diminishing the enhanced self-efficacy of non-specialist teachers. These findings highlight the importance of providing needs-based, continuous professional development opportunities and establishing robust peer-support systems within schools to ensure the effective translation of training outcomes into classroom practices. Full article